PowerFactory Monitor Dynamic System Monitor and Model Verification

PFM/DSM – Background & History Specific DSM Requirements Specific DSM Requirements High Precision Recording of different Time Frames (Instantaneous Values, RMS Values, “Synthetic” Values Most Flexible Trigger Conditions (RMS, IV, Synthetic, Manual) Continuous Recording over Years Flexible Analysis Features Integrated Applications What the PFM/DSM not is ! Fault Recorder for the Protection Engineer Replacement of SCADA System Power Quality Meter Sophisticated Multimeter Power System Analysis Operation & Planning System Control & Performance System Performance Frequency Control Voltage Control Voltage Stability Voltage Quality Plant Performance Primary/Secondary Control Excitation Systems Prime Mover Load Performance Voltage Dependency Frequency Dependency Load Transients 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Utility Needs for PFM/DSM Pre-fault time: 50ms – 5s Fault time: 100ms – 5s Post-fault time: 100ms -1s Sampling rate: 1-20 kHz Inst. Values Fault Recording Fault Current Detection Transient Overvoltages Protection Response Check DSM Functions To capture Short-, Mid- and Long-term transients Provide User-definable Trigger for Analysis Provide System-wide Overview Integrate/Cooperate with Power System Software Allow for Flexible and Efficient Analysis SCADA Systems “Steady State” Recording Steady State Supervision Trending Analysis / Statistics Permanent Recording Sampling rate: 0.2-0.5 Hz RMS Values 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

PFM/DSM Applications Fault Recorder and Monitoring System….and more… Generation Outage, Load Rejection, Frequency Response Voltage Stability Monitoring / Voltage Recovery Capability Supervision of Connection Conditions (AVR / Prime Mover) Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis (Load / Generator) Generator, Motor and Load Parameter Measurement Power Plant Measurement and Identification (Governor, AVR, PSS etc.). Power Quality Metering: Voltage Dips/Harmonics 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

PFM/DSM – General Concept Integrated Power System Software & DSM PowerFactory Software Power Flow / Fault Analysis Protection Simulation Harmonics / Power Quality System Dynamics / Transients System Modelling / Identification Flexible Simulation Model „Measurement Setup“ Analog / Digital I/O Real-Time Simulation Engine 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

PFM/DSM – General Concept Integrated Power System Software & DSM PF Components to build PFM/DSM Functionality Project Organization and Database Object Handling & Definitions Flexible Measurement Project Setup Graphic Desktop Capabilities Definition of synthesized Signals Flexible Definition of Trigger Conditions Utilisation of Virtual Instruments (VIs) Online Views & Remote Access Automated Post processing via DPL Scripts Direct interaction with modelling & system identification Direct integration of simulation models 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Express Tour on PFM/DSM General Concept Express Tour on PFM/DSM Hardware Software Application 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Configurations 19” Cabinet Rack Mounted Substation Power Plant VT CT Transducer 20 mA / 10 V / 5A Portable Version USB Port Portable Signal and Data Acquisition Unit USB Driver PowerFactory 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Data Acquisition Unit (DAQ) Computer Interface Up to 4x16 channels USB Port Portable Version Rack Mounted Version Up to 4x32 channels USB Port VT, CT, Transducer Signal Conditioning Isolation Transformer A/D Converter 16 bit CT Input Nominal Input Range: 1,5 or 10 A Input range selection: via card category Measuring range: 4x In Accuracy: 0.2 % Overload capability: 50A -3s, 150A -1s 4x In -continuous PT Input Nominal Input Range: 150V p-n Input range selection: not applicable Measuring range: 5x Vn Accuracy: 0.2 % Typical Characteristics Three Phase Input Current (0-5 A); Voltage (0-100 V; 0-10V) Single Phase Voltage (10 V); Current (-20 - 20 mA) Bandwidth: 15 kHz Input Resistor: 1 M Isolation Voltage: 2000 VAC Digital Signal Accuracy: better than 0.5 % Sampling Rate / Channel: up to 7.8 kHz ( => 130 samples / cycle) Digital I/O Digital Input: 8 ch +/- 5V per 32 analogue inputs Didital Output: 2 ch, 3*dry contact, 10 A SU output: +/- 10 V 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Mode of Operation - Features Data Acquisition and Data Processing Full Integration within the PowerFactory Software Data Processing and Evaluation is done within PowerFactory Configurable Ring Buffer (Number of Channels, Overwrite Time) Graphical Set-up of Measuring Configuration, Configurable Channels Various Automatic Trigger Conditions, Precise GPS Time Stamp On-line Display of Measurements (Digital, RMS Time Plots) Analysis of Recordings (Instantaneous Values, RMS Values) Accurate Determination of the System Frequency User-friendly Range Scaling Remote Set-up, Operation and Monitoring of Measuring Process 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Principle of Operation Data Processing Daily Recordings GPS Time Stamp -1 μs configurable overwrite time Continuos Monitoring and Recording DAQ Data Acquisition Unit Raw Data Ring Buffer Sampling Rate: max. 7.8 kHz Triggered Events On-Line Display RMS Values Instantaneous Values Event List / Protocol File Sampling Rate: 15-30 Hz 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Continuous Monitoring Digital Display of Any Measured or Calculated Quantity User-Defined Monitor Layout with the Help of Scaleable and Movable Virtual Instruments Configurable Refresh Rate Daily Recordings and Database Storage Adjustable Sampling Rate 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Representation of Triggered Events Instantaneous Value Representation Variable Sampling Rate of Recordings RMS Representation 0.1 mHz Accuracy for Power System Frequency Phasor Representation Harmonic Distortion Representation 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Measurement Configuration Variable Sampling Rate Comfortable User-Defined Trigger Conditions Trigger Condition Applicable for Each Quantity Voltages, Currents, Powers Frequency, Harmonic Indices Pre-Defined Trigger User Dialogues: Maximum / Minimum Value Number of Measurement Points for Set / Reset Condition Gradient Evaluation Pre-Defined Date / Time Triggering Programmable Trigger Settings by Using the DIgSILENT Simulation Language (DSL) Variable Ring Buffer Size Adjustable Size of Measurement Files Free Selection of Measured and Calculated Signals Definition of Pre-Trigger, Post-Trigger and Re-Trigger Time Frame 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Trigger Configuration Configurable Pre, Post and Re Trigger Times User-Friendly Trigger Handling Adjustable Trigger Conditions 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Storage of Measurement Data Saving of Measurements in a Hierarchical Database Precise GPS Time Stamp Definition of Measurement File Contents Accurate Documentation of Measurement Contents Data Analysis Based on the Full Range of PowerFactory Graphic Display Tools 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Flexible Measurement Configuration Hardware Configuration Soft-Transducer for all Electrical Quantities e.g.: Active Power Reactive Power Frequency Definition of User-Programmable Trigger Conditions Real Time Calculation of User-Defined Signals 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Easy to Use Signal Calibration Hardware Configuration Hardware Calibration Converter Configuration Converter Calibration 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Application Example Determination of Power Plant Dynamics 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Approach: Parameter Identification 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Setup of User-Defined Control Structure Models are defined using DSL: DIgSILENT Simulation Language Use of fully integrated graphic tools 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Gas Turbine Verification 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

Full Scale Tour on PFM/DSM General Concept Full Scale Tour on PFM/DSM PFM/DSM Hardware PFM Software PFM/DSM Integration 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Key Advantages for the PFM/DSM Typical PFM/DSM Layout Each PFM is it’s own intelligent “Master Station” Could be operated without display/mouse/keyboard Local storage capacity for several years Easy update of software and hardware Making use of standard components Flexibility for upgrades and modifications Control Unit: IPC with 2-XEON CPU 16 Bit , 250 kHz A/D Daq Unit 15” XGA TFT Screen (opt.) Space for flexible Usage (e.g printer) Mouse / Keyboard (opt.) UPS (opt.) Signal Unit for A/D I/O 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Operation Modes Physical Access: Access of Data: From where to access the PFM/DSM How to access the PFM/DSM Access of Data: Where is the various information stored How can the data be accessed and displayed Access of Information: How is an incident detected How can important information be retrieved ??? 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Modes of Operation – Physical Access Trivial Mode: Local Access Examples Commissioning of PFM Plant Commissioning local SCADA extension local tests 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Modes of Operation – Physical Access Remote Access via Terminal Client PFM Master Station Slow Modem Connection Access of Data 3 Possible Operation Modes Modes A-B-C Fast TCP/IP Connection 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Modes of Operation - Access of Data Mode A Captured Data Reside on each PFM/DSM PFM/DSM Access via Terminal Client Setup – Review – Analysis (SRA) Typical Solution for slow Modem Connection 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Data Access - Mode ‘A’ of Operation Remote Access via Terminal Client DATA PFM Master Station Slow Modem Connection DATA DATA DATA VIEW only Access of Data Via Terminal-Client Fast TCP/IP Connection 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Modes of Operation - Access of Data Mode B Captured Data Reside on Master Station PFM/DSM Access via Terminal Client for Setup Master Station Operation for Review & Analysis 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Data Access – Mode ‘B’ of Operation Access via Master Station PFM Master Station Slow Modem Connection DATA DATA PFM 1-x VIEW +++ Direct Access of Data Fast TCP/IP Connection 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Modes of Operation - Access of Data Mode C (optional) All Captured Data Reside on PFM/DSM Most Relevant Data Reside on Master Station PFM/DSM Access via Terminal Client for SRA Master Station Operation for Review & Analysis and Online Display (Wide Area Measurement) 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Access of Information What is the Output of a DSM / year ? 100.. GB data and 100.. kg paper with colour prints ! Who is going to review the 100.. of DSM Recordings ? The Secretary and the GM ! More DSM intend to produce “Data Garbage” 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Access of Information PFM/DSM offers 2 Solutions: 2-Level Data Storage (WAM) Intelligent Data Post Processing via DPL Scripts Combination of both 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

2-Level Data Storage (WAM) General Concept Access of Information 2-Level Data Storage (WAM) PFM/DSM I PFM/DSM II PFM/DSM III Master Station Continuous Transfer of WAM Records Modem / Fast Ethernet Link Remote Access via Terminal Client Direct Access for WAM Records PFM Local Records Monitoring RMS Event Recording IV Event Recording PFM WAM Records WAM Recording WAM Online Display WAM = Integrated View of ALL PFM/DSMs featuring Integrated Analysis 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM

General Concept Intelligent Data Post Processing via DPL Scripts Access of Information Intelligent Data Post Processing via DPL Scripts PFM/DSM Master Station Continuous Transfer of WAM Records Modem / Fast Ethernet Link PFM Local Records Execution of DPL Scripts PFM WAM Records Remote Access via Terminal Client Direct Access for WAM Records Examples Local / WAM Generation of Information Statistics (u/f histograms) Type of fault and basic pattern Determination of Control Performance Parameter Identification (load, plant) Generation Print /pdf - Send E-mail 9/17/2018 DIgSILENT PFM/DSM