Agenda – Monday, February 10th Hand back quizzes/collect homework Neurotransmission review and notes Homework: NONE

Quizzes #3 and #4 Quiz #3 Quiz #4 5th hour Mean: 10.5/13

Biology of the Mind

Starting Small Find your partner (person with the matching term/definition) Three tasks ASK: What part of the biology unit are you MOST overwhelmed by? Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT NOTES) to label the neuron

Types of Cells Individual nerve cells Neurons Glial Cells Individual nerve cells Generate and conduct electrical impulses Thoughts, movement, behavior, pain, pleasure, memories, etc. “Housekeeper” cells Hold neurons in place Transport oxygen and nutrients to neurons Remove and destroy dead neurons

Types of Neurons Afferent Neurons (Sensory) Efferent Neurons (Motor) Transfer information from sensory receptors to the brain (A for ARRIVAL) Efferent Neurons (Motor) Transfer information from the brain to rest of body (E for EXIT) Interneurons Internal communication within the Central Nervous System (I for INTERNAL)

The Neuron

Agenda – Tuesday, February 11th Continue neurotransmission notes Neurotransmitter article assignment Article due THURSDAY

Neurotransmission Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70 charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of firing an action potential Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to be received to trigger an action potential Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the neuron and enter another

Neurotransmission All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires or it doesn’t (no in-between) Like a gun Depolarization: A message from another neuron causes the inside of the neuron to become positive (+) Selective Permeability: The membrane letting in/shutting out certain ions

Neurotransmission Repolarization: Occurs right after the action potential as potassium moves out of the inside of the cell restoring the inside back to a negative charge Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron cannot fire until -70 charge is restored

Neural Firing

The Magic School Bus There is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before they can start it up again. Parts of a Neuron Soma Nucleus Dendrite Axon Myelin Sheath Neuronal Firing Resting Potential Threshold All-or-Nothing Depolarization Selective Permeability Repolarization Refractory Period

http://science. education. nih http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/ addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm

Agenda – Thursday, February 13th Neurotransmitter Review Handout Discussion If time: work on “Brain Game” review Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!!

Neurotransmitters Purpose: Chemicals that transmit signals from neurons through the process of neurotransmission Provide meaning and use to our brain structures

Neurotransmitters GABA Norepinephrine Glutamate Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, arousal, and pain Low levels contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies Dopamine Acetylcholine

Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Too much: Schizophrenia, Too little: Parkinson’s GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol Endorphins

Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack associated with Depression, certain anxiety disorders (OCD) GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD) Endorphins

Muscle Action, Learning & Memory Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Muscle Action, Learning & Memory Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Curare (Antagonist: Blocks NT) Endorphins

Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack of leads to Seizures & Tremors GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Librium), alcohol Endorphins

Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: PCP (“angel dust”), MSG Endorphins

Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack of leads to heightened sensation of pain GABA Substances that Affect: Opiates: opium, heroin, morphine, methadone (Agonists: Mimic) Glutamine Endorphins

http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/co ca-anim.html