Unit 3.3 Persian Gulf War

Day 1

Intro Gulf War Causes https://youtu.be/BEKMeOEvEmM Gulf War Causes, pp. 151-152 Take notes!

Good morning! First Four What images, symbols, characters do you see? What is the message?

The Crusades?

How does our past drive our present? The Middle East GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place? Iraq & Saddam Iran, the Shah, & the Revolution Iran-Iraq War Now what?

How does our past drive our present? The Middle East GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place? August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait. 300,000 Iraqi soldiers took over w/n 24 hours. Why? The world was shocked, the invasion was condemned, and the UN put sanctions on Iraq. January 1991 the US invaded & drove the Iraqi army from Kuwait. Why?

ACTIVITY Using your notes (and the article if needed) create your own cartoon, graphic, or visual that explains or speaks to another cause of the Gulf War.

Day 2

First Four – Title & Date What images, symbols, characters do you see? What is the message?

Cartoonist’s analogy… What teenagers can and can’t do legally today Cartoonist’s analogy… What teenagers can and can’t do legally today. Cartoonist’s use of irony… today a teenager can’t go into a bar or rent a car but can buy an assault rifle.

GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place? What do the cartoons tell us? Make a list

Watch Video Persian Gulf War: Timeline of Operation Desert Storm - Mojo - https://youtu.be/l2TQ8a4LK3A What Happened in the Persian Gulf War I History - https://youtu.be/xl_lctDXHuQ

Kahoot.it Put away all of your notes, classwork, Major Themes sheets, etc. Use your own device of work with someone at your table who has one. You must stay seated or you will be disqualified!

Homework Read NPR article / answer questions thoughtfully and record results in history notebooks – Be ready for class discussion Watch What happened in the Persian Gulf War – History Channel (5 min) - https://youtu.be/xl_lctDXHuQ

So what? Exit Ticket 1. What was the most important cause that the First Gulf War took place? Why is this the most important cause? 2. What was the most important consequence of the First Gulf war? Why is this the most important consequence?

Videos Bush & the First Gulf War - https://youtu.be/5Ii2woitYRQ What happened in the Persian Gulf War – History Channel - https://youtu.be/xl_lctDXHuQ Persian Gulf War: Timeline of Operation Desert Storm - Mojo - https://youtu.be/l2TQ8a4LK3A Tank footage- M1 Abrams Battle, Gulf War 1991 - https://youtu.be/U4d9KsTMA4E

Kahoot! https://kahoot.it/#/ http://www.cnn.com/studentnews

Reminders Turn-in political cartoons if you’ve not done so Unit 3.2 take-home assessment due not later than end of this period All make-ups / re-takes must be completed by Thurs, 1 Mar

Course & Consequences of the First Gulf War Day 2 Course & Consequences of the First Gulf War

First Four – Title / Date What images, symbols, characters do you see? What is the message?

Standards Cambridge TN Literacy Goal What were the causes, course & consequences of the Gulf War, 1990-91? TN Literacy Goal By end of 10th grade, students will read & comprehend social studies at the 9-10 grade level

Lesson Objectives I can… Explain the course & consequences of the First Gulf War Use academic vocabulary in my historical speaking & writing Reflect on my current understanding of academic vocabulary / concepts in preparation for Unit 3 assessment

Agenda First Four Finish Political Cartoon Review Review First Gulf War Causes Discuss First Gulf War Consequences Watch Bush & First Gulf War excerpt Read / Answer – Iraq Post-Gulf War ‘91-’02 Kahoot vocab review Exit Ticket

Political Cartoons

War Causes Review

Video Invasion of Kuwait – Explained - https://youtu.be/dphDS6OS1lc

Why did the First Gulf War take place? Iraq after the Iran-Iraq War 500,000 Iraqis killed Gigantic military $80B debt Infrastructure in decline Unemployment

Why did the First Gulf War take place? Oil prices too low Other countries producing record amounts OPEC refused to lower supply Discontent in Iraq people & the army Several assassination attempts on Saddam

Why did the First Gulf War take place? Continued struggle for supremacy in the Middle East Saddam still trying to prove his relevance & power

Why did the First Gulf War take place? Iraq’s historic claims to Kuwait Many Iraqis had claimed Kuwait was a province of Iraq since the 1930s Kuwait has large coastline – Iraq almost landlocked Saddam claimed Kuwait was slant drilling

Why did the First Gulf War take place? Historic ties to the West US, France, and Britain had supported Saddam in ’70s & ‘80s as a counterweight against Islamic Republic in Iran He was a stable leader who supplied a lot of oil Saddam assumed Western support would continue Met US Ambassador July 1990 and asked about Kuwait. US Ambassador assured Saddam that his concerns with Kuwait did not affect his relationship with the US. Iraq invaded Kuwait eight days later

Course of the War

Aug – Nov 1990 August 2, 1990 - Iraq invades Kuwait. Reportedly, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein decided to invade the small, oil-rich nation in order to pay off debts incurred during Iraq's eight year war with Iran. August 2, 1990 - The United Nations passes a resolution denouncing Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. August 6, 1990 - The UN imposes sanctions on Iraq. August 7, 1990 - US President George H. W. Bush orders the start of Operation Desert Shield. August 8, 1990 - Iraq formally annexes Kuwait. August 25, 1990 - The UN passes a resolution to allow enforcement of the embargo by military means. November 29, 1990 - The UN authorizes use of force after January 15, 1991.

Allied Coalition Members The Allied coalition was made up of 39 countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Jan – Apr 1991 January 16-17, 1991 - Operation Desert Storm begins. Jan 16, 1991 – Kuwaiti oil fields set on fire by Iraqi army. February 24, 1991 - The allied ground assault begins. February 24, 1991 – Kuwaiti oil field fires at greatest level. February 27, 1991 - Baghdad radio announces that Iraq will comply with UN resolutions. February 27, 1991 - Kuwait is liberated. February 28, 1991 - Coalition attacks against Iraq end. March 14, 1991 - Kuwait's Emir returns home. April 6, 1991 - Iraq accepts the terms of a cease-fire agreement.

Consequences of the First Gulf War! Class Discussion Consequences of the First Gulf War!

Today’s Task What was the course of the Gulf War & What were it’s consequences? How can we connect this to current events in the Middle East? NPR Article – Pair, Share

Discussion Questions How significant was oil to the Persian Gulf conflict? What role did the UN play in the conflict? How does this remind you of the League of Nations after WWI? What did many Kurds & Shia do after the ceasefire? How did the USA respond? What was the impact on future relations between Iraqi Shia & USA? What was war’s impact Muslims in region & worldwide? How were actions of George W. Bush in deciding to invade Iraq in 2003 influenced by Persian Gulf conflict?

Short-Term Consequences Overwhelming Coalition victory Liberation of Kuwait Saddam Hussein stayed in power – UN Resolution & Counter spread of Iran’s Islamic Revolution Internal uprising by Kurds & Shiites against Saddam Hussein that was brutally suppressed Iraq bore most of the cost of the war – casualties and lost war material Significant environmental damage – chemical, oil, weapons UN sanctions imposed on Iraq USA military presence in Saudi Arabia USA established “no-fly” zones over northern & southern Iraq

Long-Term Consequences USA retained permanent military presence in Saudi Arabia Major coalition partner states now wondered if Saddam Hussein’s continuing presence best served their interests Iraq’s compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 687 (including destruction of WMD) remained incomplete Iraqi Shia resentment at lack of USA support of their rebellion in southern Iraq – poor USA reception at 2003 invasion of Iraq Al-Qaida resentment at USA presence in Saudi Arabia led to 9/11 attack

Bush & First Gulf War https://youtu.be/5Ii2woitYRQ

1991 - 2002 What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact? On Iraqi military capability On Iraqi leadership On Iraqi people On UN / USA

1991 - 2002 Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact? Sanctions Blockade on machinery, fertilizer, medicines, books Limit on oil sales UNSCOM Weapons inspections Impact On Iraqi military capability – not critical On Iraqi leadership – not much people did not rise up against Saddam Saddam aggressively put down internal resistance On Iraqi people – Disastrous – lack of food & medicine, chlorine to purify water – hundreds of thousands children died On UN/USA – Partially effective - most WMD removed but suspicion remained PR disaster with worldwide Muslim community And…. Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion

Kahoot.it Put away all of your notes, classwork, Major Themes sheets, etc. Use your own device of work with someone at your table who has one. You must stay seated or you will be disqualified!

Lesson Objectives I can… Explain the course & consequences of the First Gulf War Use academic vocabulary in my historical speaking & writing Reflect on my current understanding of academic vocabulary / concepts in preparation for Unit 3 assessment

Exit Ticket What was the most important cause of the First Gulf War? Why is this the most important reason? What was the most important consequence of the First Gulf War? Why is this the most important reason?

More Immediate Consequences Casualties: US Casualties: 382 military casualties; VA estimates that 1/4th Gulf War vets suffer from Gulf War Syndrome Iraqi Casualties: Estimates of Iraqi soldier deaths range from 1,500 to 100,000 Kuwaiti Casualties: Iraqi occupation forces killed at least 1,082 Kuwaiti civilian noncombatants, including women, children, and the mentally handicapped. US $ Cost: Cheapest war in US history (.03% GDP)… FY2011 $106B Coalition partners paid about ½ of US cost Regional $ Cost: Arab Monetary Fund estimates the conflict cost the region $676 billion in 1990 and 1991, not counting vast damage to the environment Environmental Cost: Estimates of Iraqi oil spilled into the Gulf range from 4 to 11 million barrels, several time the size of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, and was never cleaned up on Saudi Arabian shores. The 610 oil fires set by Iraq destroyed 85% of Kuwaiti oil wells. The total amount of oil burned is an estimated 1 billion barrels. Researchers linked the subsequent fluctuation in temperatures to the devastating Bangladesh typhoon of 1991. Sources: CNN Gulf War Fast Facts at https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/15/world/meast/gulf-war-fast-facts/index.html NYT at http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/25/world/gulf-war-is-said-to-have-cost-the-region-676-billion-in-1990-91.html

Videos Kuwait oil field fires - https://youtu.be/3tXEHT4MjCI Fires of Kuwait – https://youtu.be/L77BSBKvMJk Flames of Kuwait - Gulf War 1990 - https://youtu.be/2Vt4pLJNOcg Invasion of Kuwait – Explained - https://youtu.be/dphDS6OS1lc Persian Gulf Oil Spill - https://youtu.be/HRXP8GPPC8Y

What do you see? What is the message?

1991 - 2002 What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact? On Iraqi military capability On Iraqi leadership On Iraqi people On UN / USA

1991 - 2002 Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact? Sanctions Blockade on machinery, fertilizer, medicines, books Limit on oil sales UNSCOM Weapons inspections Impact On Iraqi military capability – not critical On Iraqi leadership – not much people did not rise up against Saddam Saddam aggressively put down internal resistance On Iraqi people – Disastrous – lack of food & medicine, chlorine to purify water – hundreds of thousands children died On UN/USA – Partially effective - most WMD removed but suspicion remained PR disaster with worldwide Muslim community And…. Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion

Gulf War Essay Prep See handout

How did we rank these? How do we rank them now? Tension in the Gulf Israel Religion National Identity Individuals Oil