4th 6 Weeks

4 Corners Review APUSH Period 6 http://www. apushexplained The Progressive Movement – Social Gospel, Jane Adams, WEB Du Bois, Ida B Wells, Muckrakers, 16th, 17th, 18th amendments

Women’s Rights Movement Susan B Anthony https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss6qQM054B0

Domestic V Foreign Policy

America Builds an Empire American Imperialism America Builds an Empire

American Imperialism Imperialism- When a more powerful country exerts influence or force on weaker, poorer countries.

American Imperialism Alfred Thayer Mahan – Naval officer who believed in the theory of seapower – the strongest countries have the strongest navies

American Imperialism Alaska was purchased by the United States from Russia in 1867 for 7.2 million This equates to only $0.02 cents per acre!

American Imperialism William Seward – United States secretary of state from 1861-1869 who negotiated the purchase of Alaska

American Imperialism Seward’s Ice Box or Seward’s Folly – name that was mockingly given to the purchase of Alaska. Many people felt that it was a waste of money, that Alaska was nothing but tundra

American Imperialism Why were they wrong? – Alaska is rich in natural resources Timber - gold - oil

American Imperialism Hawaii – annexed in 1898 Why was Hawaii important? Economically – link between the U.S. and the Pacific Militarily – Great natural harbor for the navy

American Imperialism Queen Liliʻuokalani was thrown from power by the How did the U.S. acquire Hawaii? Queen Liliʻuokalani was thrown from power by the Committee of Safety, an all white group of Hawaiians. The U.S. sends a company of marines and the queen resigned. Hawaii was annexed by William McKinley in 1898

American Imperialism Cuban Revolution – Cuba was struggling for independence from Spain. Public opinion was split Businessmen wanted American intervention to look out for their best interests The people wanted to remain at peace

American Imperialism Yellow Journalism – Pulitzer and Hearst published sensationalized stories that heightened tensions between the U.S. and Spain jyr

American Imperialism De Lome Letter – letter written by the Spanish ambassador to the U.S. to the foreign minister of Spain that was critical of U.S. president McKinley. It was published in newspapers, eventually leading to De Lome’s resignation

American Imperialism Sinking of the Maine When a riot broke out in Havana, the U.S. sends the U.S.S. Maine to protect American interests and citizens

Search for Missing Bride Continues Bride Missing! Groom’s Family Blame History of Mental Illness Write your response: How do these headlines differ? Consider the wording and how a reader might respond to each article.

Discuss at your table What does each headline imply? If these were articles, which would you have wanted to read first? Which do you think would have been the most reliable story? Why? Why might different newspapers choose to present the same event so differently?

Sinking of the Maine Cuba was colonized by Spain. Cuban rebels had been fighting for independence. Spain was thought to be brutal in repressing the rebellion. U.S. had business interests in Cuba. President McKinley had sent the Maine to Cuba (Why? To protect American interests? To prepare for war? To intimidate Spain? This is debated by historians. . .). Maine explodes on Feb 15, 1898.

Sinking of the Maine On Feb 15th, 1898, the U. S. S Sinking of the Maine On Feb 15th, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana harbor, killing 260 sailors. Newspapers would blame the Spanish

Who Sunk the Maine? ”Awake United States!” This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maine on Feb. 5, 1898, and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898. Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! And how proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag! According to this song, who sunk the Maine? • Does this prove the Spanish blew it up?

Guiding Questions New York Journal New York Times Sourcing 1. How long after the explosion of the Maine was this article written? 2. What does the headline of the article suggest about the newspaper’s point of view? Close Reading 3. Upon what type of evidence does the New York Journal base its claims? Sourcing 1. How does the date of this article compare with the date on the New York Journal and Advertiser article? Close Reading 2. According to these headlines, what happened to the Maine? 3. What kinds of evidence does the New York Times include to support its account of the incident?

Discussion Do you know what happened to the Maine? What evidence do you have for your answer? Give an example where the reporter uses solid evidence to support a claim made in the article. Do you think these articles would have been received differently by their readers in 1898? How so? What effect might the Journal article have had on its readers? What effect might the Times article have had on its readers? How significant do you think the Maine explosion was to the American people at this time? Why?

Spanish-American War (1898) Caribbean Theater Cuba Battle of San Juan Hill Significant American victory Battle of Santiago de Cuba Destruction of Spanish fleet Puerto Rico Rough Riders Volunteers led by Theodore Roosevelt Earned fame from Battle of San Juan Hill Yellow Fever 75% of American forces affected Walter Reed proves mosquito transmission

Puerto Rico Today After months of efforts to restore power to hurricane-hit Puerto Rico, electricity provider AEE said Friday that 55% of households now had electricity. That means that some 660,000 customers out of a total 1.5 million are still without power, AEE director Justo Gonzalez said. It was the government-owned utility's first statement since Hurricane Maria slammed into the U.S. territory on September 20. The town of Ciales, one of the island's 78 municipalities, is still totally without electricity. No towns in Puerto Rico have had their power networks completely restored, Gonzalez said.

Spanish-American War (1898) Pacific Theater Philippines Battle of Manila Bay Destruction of Spanish fleet Emilio Aguinaldo Led rebellion forces against Spanish rule Declared independence

Spanish-American War (1898) “A splendid little war.” Treaty of Paris American Acquisitions Puerto Rico Guam Philippines Cuba American military occupation (1898-1902) Platt Amendment (1901) Treaties required American approval Guantanamo Bay

Imperialists and Anti-Imperialists Opponents Mostly from Democratic Party Anti-Imperialist League Grover Cleveland (D) William Jennings Bryan (D) Senator Ben Tillman (D-SC) Samuel Gompers (AFL) Mark Twain Andrew Carnegie Jane Addams Reasons Undemocratic Violated republicanism “consent of the governed” Prevent influx of “inferior races” Proponents Most from GOP Theodore Roosevelt (R) John Hay (R) James G. Blaine (R) Reasons Economic expansion Political security International prestige Humanitarian efforts Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) Social Darwinism Jingoism “White Man’s Burden” Insular Cases (1901-1903) Supreme Court ruled constitutional guarantees granted only by Congress to U.S. territories “Constitution does not necessarily follow the flag”

The Philippines Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Atrocities Torture by both sides Concentration camps Casualties 12,000-20,000 Filipinos 4,165 Americans 200,000-1,000,000 Filipino civilians Americanization Freedom of religion English as official language

China Open Door -foreign policy that stated all nations should have equal access to trade with the Chinese Secretary of State John Hay Spheres of influence Mutual economic policies among foreign powers Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) in 1899 the Chinese revolted against foreign influence. A coalition of imperial powers defeats the Chinese. Eight-Nation Alliance against Chinese nationalists Severely weakened Qing Dynasty

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Big Stick Policy The Americas Roosevelt Corollary Unstable economies in Venezuela and Dominican Republican enticed direct European influence U.S. right to intervene if: Incapable of protecting American interests Stabilize economies to prevent European influence Asian Policy Treaty of Portsmouth (1904) “Gentleman’s Agreement” (1907) Great White Fleet (1907-1909) Demonstrate U.S. naval power and prestige 16 U.S. Battleships completed a circumnavigation of the globe. The ships were painted white. This was a show of force to the world Monroe Doctrine – No European influence in Western Hemisphere

William Howard Taft (1909-1913) Dollar Diplomacy - The use of economic power to influence the policy of other nations Encourage economic development infrastructure in Latin America and abroad Administration of loans and financing Railroad investments in China Lodge Corollary (1912) Henry Cabot Lodge Forbade ANY foreign acquisition in Western Hemisphere

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Moral Diplomacy - The United States will not recognize any nation that is hostile to American interests or other nations. Pursuit of non-expansionist policies and promote democratic governments Despite military intervention in Haiti, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, and Mexico Mexico Revolution Tampico Affair (1914) Pancho Villa Expedition (1916-1917) General John J. Pershing Jones Acts Democratic policies for Philippines (1916) U.S. citizenship to Puerto Rico (1917)

American Imperialism Commodore Perry – Naval officer who entered Tokyo bay in 1853 to convince the Japanese to trade with the U.S.

American Imperialism Dollar Diplomacy – The use of economic power to influence the policy of other nations Missionary/Moral Diplomacy – The United States will not recognize any nation that is hostile to American interests or other nations.

American Imperialism Why was Panama Canal important? – Made travel between Atlantic + Pacific Oceans much shorter How did the U.S. acquire the Panama Canal? Panamanians started a revolt against Colombia, Roosevelt supported the rebels in exchange for being allowed to build and operate the Panama canal