Energy Efficiency and Future Network Infrastructure Workshop 16:45 – 18:00 Brainstorming Session: A Systemic View of Energy Efficiency by 2020 john.frieslaar@huawei.com

telecom operator Industry Support Speaker Overview Franco Regis  Vice President of Energy Purchase & Management  Marga Blom Director Energy Management KPN Dr. Paolo Gemma Chairman of Working Party 3/5, ITU-T SG5 Prof. Dr. Raffaele Bolla University of Genoa telecom operator Industry Support Guillermo García Tejerina Head of Energy Management John Garret Frieslaar CTO Western Europe Qiao Yuyu Director of Telecom Energy Marketing Guillaume Gérard Energy Expert

Agenda Time Matter Theme owner 14:00-14:30 Registration None Huawei 14:30-14:35 Opening ceremony Environment and Climate Change Paolo Gemma, Chairman of Working Party 3/5, ITU-T Study Group 5 14:35-16:15 Keynote speeches Future Evolution of a Green Network Franco Regis, Telecom Italia Network Energy Transformation Qiao Yuyu, Huawei 16:15 - 16:45 Coffee break Huawei 16:45 – 18:00 Brainstorming Session “A Systemic View of Energy Efficiency by 2020” Paolo Bertoldi, Joint Research Center, European Commission Marga Blom, KPN Guillaume Gérard, Orange Raffaele Bolla, University of Genoa, Italy Guillermo García Tejerina, Head of Energy Management, Telefónica  John Garret Frieslaar, Huawei 18:00 – 18:05 Closing remarks 18:30-20:30 Gala Dinner Source: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/Pages/2014/Forum-Programme-20141022.aspx

The Problem

Resource/Energy Costs Rise Traffic and Exponential Data Growth Driving the next 10-15 years of Progress ... Gb 84% CAGR Climate Change + + - Data Centres Data Demand Sustainable Energy R B Resource/Energy Costs Rise + + Limits to Success or Success? 34% CAGR Huawei Research 2012 Wireless Fixed

Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 Sustainability Concerns … Environmental Management, the greatest Social change of the 21st Century … ICT holds great potential … IoE 100 bln or more Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 Sus 1 P 1 1 E 1 C 1 Ser = x x x At a high level, Political trends see the world grouped into 3 broad areas: 1st World, Emerging Economies, Developing Countries The flags give some representation of the countries in each of the categories, however it could be argued that China is more first world than not. Given current global concerns (Growing demands from a finite planet, Growth Limits, Climate Change, Global Warming and Economic challenges), the world has to develop an economy that becomes more sustainable over the next 45 years. Current market direction suggests that the targets will be more near term, with carbon emission reductions of between 30-40% already stated to be achieved by 2030, and indications that this will be tightened up even more in the Paris 2015 UN COP meeting. The target is to reduce carbon emissions by up to 80% by 2060. Population growth (more in the next slide) is expected to be skewed to the developing countries, where most of the growth is likely, with an additional 2-3 billion people expected to inhabit the Earth by 2060. This is likely to put a significant strain on the world’s resources, unless we can adapt or find alternative way’s to provide for everyone’s needs. ICT holds a lot of promise, especially in education, health care and energy management, with current work in the development of smart cities promising to deliver significant resource savings. Global reports on available resources, indicate that we are facing significant challenges in resource availability, which in the short-term will be focused on water and agriculture, in the medium-term on fossil fuels and energy and in the long-term on mineral resources. This means that we need to find ways to improve our recycling and reuse of existing resources, while also reducing demand for resources. This go’s beyond just resources, as demand for resources itself leads to unsustainable practices, such as cutting down forests (required for carbon sequestration) for agricultural use, using more fossil-fuel resources to mine minerals and not making use of current resources using recycling and repair. It is expected that during the next 35 years of we will need to transition towards a more sustainable economy, that will also be economically beneficial, however it also means a change to the way we do our accounting, with a new focus on environmental economics and accounting for the commons expected to play a big part in moving towards a more sustainable and shareable economy, with new ideas such as happiness index, inclusive capitalism and cooperative economics emerging. 1st World countries – are likely to require significant modernisation, as they move their fossil-fuelled economies towards more sustainable solutions, developing more public transport, network integration and collaboration via the cloud and seek to ensure resilience and robustness in areas prone to shocks from mainly environmental related concerns. Modernisation is likely to be required at the same time as reductions in carbon emissions are mandated, resulting in a high demand for innovation. Emerging Economies – Emerging economies (such as China and India) already have good mass transport systems, and some of the latest technologies, for them it will be more about adapting these to work on sustainable solutions and reducing their demand for fossil-fuel based solutions, with a view to making existing systems more resilient. Developing Countries – Developing will have more time to decarbonise as they focus on building the required infrastructure and systems, however they are likely to benefit from the latest thinking, with modern highly efficient and resilient solutions being implemented. People Machines Things Sustainability Services Energy/ Service CO2 per unit of Energy

Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 Transport Logistics Water Food Sustainability Concerns … Information Data Knowledge Understanding Wisdom SDN Environmental Management, the greatest Social change of the 21st Century … ICT holds great potential … IoE 100 bln or more Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 1 1 Sus 15 5 Ser 3 E P C = x x x At a high level, Political trends see the world grouped into 3 broad areas: 1st World, Emerging Economies, Developing Countries The flags give some representation of the countries in each of the categories, however it could be argued that China is more first world than not. Given current global concerns (Growing demands from a finite planet, Growth Limits, Climate Change, Global Warming and Economic challenges), the world has to develop an economy that becomes more sustainable over the next 45 years. Current market direction suggests that the targets will be more near term, with carbon emission reductions of between 30-40% already stated to be achieved by 2030, and indications that this will be tightened up even more in the Paris 2015 UN COP meeting. The target is to reduce carbon emissions by up to 80% by 2060. Population growth (more in the next slide) is expected to be skewed to the developing countries, where most of the growth is likely, with an additional 2-3 billion people expected to inhabit the Earth by 2060. This is likely to put a significant strain on the world’s resources, unless we can adapt or find alternative way’s to provide for everyone’s needs. ICT holds a lot of promise, especially in education, health care and energy management, with current work in the development of smart cities promising to deliver significant resource savings. Global reports on available resources, indicate that we are facing significant challenges in resource availability, which in the short-term will be focused on water and agriculture, in the medium-term on fossil fuels and energy and in the long-term on mineral resources. This means that we need to find ways to improve our recycling and reuse of existing resources, while also reducing demand for resources. This go’s beyond just resources, as demand for resources itself leads to unsustainable practices, such as cutting down forests (required for carbon sequestration) for agricultural use, using more fossil-fuel resources to mine minerals and not making use of current resources using recycling and repair. It is expected that during the next 35 years of we will need to transition towards a more sustainable economy, that will also be economically beneficial, however it also means a change to the way we do our accounting, with a new focus on environmental economics and accounting for the commons expected to play a big part in moving towards a more sustainable and shareable economy, with new ideas such as happiness index, inclusive capitalism and cooperative economics emerging. 1st World countries – are likely to require significant modernisation, as they move their fossil-fuelled economies towards more sustainable solutions, developing more public transport, network integration and collaboration via the cloud and seek to ensure resilience and robustness in areas prone to shocks from mainly environmental related concerns. Modernisation is likely to be required at the same time as reductions in carbon emissions are mandated, resulting in a high demand for innovation. Emerging Economies – Emerging economies (such as China and India) already have good mass transport systems, and some of the latest technologies, for them it will be more about adapting these to work on sustainable solutions and reducing their demand for fossil-fuel based solutions, with a view to making existing systems more resilient. Developing Countries – Developing will have more time to decarbonise as they focus on building the required infrastructure and systems, however they are likely to benefit from the latest thinking, with modern highly efficient and resilient solutions being implemented. People Machines Things Sustainability Services Energy/ Service CO2 per unit of Energy

15 3 5 3 0.2 1 IoE Sustainability Concerns … Improving equipment energy efficiency EEE 98％ 2,041W 2,000W 41W 1,900W 100W Main equipment SEE 95% Improving network energy efficiency NEE 70％ 1B MJ 700M MJ 300M MJ Improving site energy efficiency Energy Management GREEN DC 1.2 PUE Environmental Management, the greatest Social change of the 21st Century … ICT holds great potential … IoE 100 bln or more Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 15 3 5 3 0.2 1 = x x x At a high level, Political trends see the world grouped into 3 broad areas: 1st World, Emerging Economies, Developing Countries The flags give some representation of the countries in each of the categories, however it could be argued that China is more first world than not. Given current global concerns (Growing demands from a finite planet, Growth Limits, Climate Change, Global Warming and Economic challenges), the world has to develop an economy that becomes more sustainable over the next 45 years. Current market direction suggests that the targets will be more near term, with carbon emission reductions of between 30-40% already stated to be achieved by 2030, and indications that this will be tightened up even more in the Paris 2015 UN COP meeting. The target is to reduce carbon emissions by up to 80% by 2060. Population growth (more in the next slide) is expected to be skewed to the developing countries, where most of the growth is likely, with an additional 2-3 billion people expected to inhabit the Earth by 2060. This is likely to put a significant strain on the world’s resources, unless we can adapt or find alternative way’s to provide for everyone’s needs. ICT holds a lot of promise, especially in education, health care and energy management, with current work in the development of smart cities promising to deliver significant resource savings. Global reports on available resources, indicate that we are facing significant challenges in resource availability, which in the short-term will be focused on water and agriculture, in the medium-term on fossil fuels and energy and in the long-term on mineral resources. This means that we need to find ways to improve our recycling and reuse of existing resources, while also reducing demand for resources. This go’s beyond just resources, as demand for resources itself leads to unsustainable practices, such as cutting down forests (required for carbon sequestration) for agricultural use, using more fossil-fuel resources to mine minerals and not making use of current resources using recycling and repair. It is expected that during the next 35 years of we will need to transition towards a more sustainable economy, that will also be economically beneficial, however it also means a change to the way we do our accounting, with a new focus on environmental economics and accounting for the commons expected to play a big part in moving towards a more sustainable and shareable economy, with new ideas such as happiness index, inclusive capitalism and cooperative economics emerging. 1st World countries – are likely to require significant modernisation, as they move their fossil-fuelled economies towards more sustainable solutions, developing more public transport, network integration and collaboration via the cloud and seek to ensure resilience and robustness in areas prone to shocks from mainly environmental related concerns. Modernisation is likely to be required at the same time as reductions in carbon emissions are mandated, resulting in a high demand for innovation. Emerging Economies – Emerging economies (such as China and India) already have good mass transport systems, and some of the latest technologies, for them it will be more about adapting these to work on sustainable solutions and reducing their demand for fossil-fuel based solutions, with a view to making existing systems more resilient. Developing Countries – Developing will have more time to decarbonise as they focus on building the required infrastructure and systems, however they are likely to benefit from the latest thinking, with modern highly efficient and resilient solutions being implemented. People Machines Things Sustainability Services Energy/ Service CO2 per unit of Energy

Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 Sustainability Concerns … Environmental Management, the greatest Social change of the 21st Century … ICT holds great potential … IoE 100 bln or more Products & Services 80% more energy efficient by 2050 0.9 3 5 3 0.2 0.3 = x x x At a high level, Political trends see the world grouped into 3 broad areas: 1st World, Emerging Economies, Developing Countries The flags give some representation of the countries in each of the categories, however it could be argued that China is more first world than not. Given current global concerns (Growing demands from a finite planet, Growth Limits, Climate Change, Global Warming and Economic challenges), the world has to develop an economy that becomes more sustainable over the next 45 years. Current market direction suggests that the targets will be more near term, with carbon emission reductions of between 30-40% already stated to be achieved by 2030, and indications that this will be tightened up even more in the Paris 2015 UN COP meeting. The target is to reduce carbon emissions by up to 80% by 2060. Population growth (more in the next slide) is expected to be skewed to the developing countries, where most of the growth is likely, with an additional 2-3 billion people expected to inhabit the Earth by 2060. This is likely to put a significant strain on the world’s resources, unless we can adapt or find alternative way’s to provide for everyone’s needs. ICT holds a lot of promise, especially in education, health care and energy management, with current work in the development of smart cities promising to deliver significant resource savings. Global reports on available resources, indicate that we are facing significant challenges in resource availability, which in the short-term will be focused on water and agriculture, in the medium-term on fossil fuels and energy and in the long-term on mineral resources. This means that we need to find ways to improve our recycling and reuse of existing resources, while also reducing demand for resources. This go’s beyond just resources, as demand for resources itself leads to unsustainable practices, such as cutting down forests (required for carbon sequestration) for agricultural use, using more fossil-fuel resources to mine minerals and not making use of current resources using recycling and repair. It is expected that during the next 35 years of we will need to transition towards a more sustainable economy, that will also be economically beneficial, however it also means a change to the way we do our accounting, with a new focus on environmental economics and accounting for the commons expected to play a big part in moving towards a more sustainable and shareable economy, with new ideas such as happiness index, inclusive capitalism and cooperative economics emerging. 1st World countries – are likely to require significant modernisation, as they move their fossil-fuelled economies towards more sustainable solutions, developing more public transport, network integration and collaboration via the cloud and seek to ensure resilience and robustness in areas prone to shocks from mainly environmental related concerns. Modernisation is likely to be required at the same time as reductions in carbon emissions are mandated, resulting in a high demand for innovation. Emerging Economies – Emerging economies (such as China and India) already have good mass transport systems, and some of the latest technologies, for them it will be more about adapting these to work on sustainable solutions and reducing their demand for fossil-fuel based solutions, with a view to making existing systems more resilient. Developing Countries – Developing will have more time to decarbonise as they focus on building the required infrastructure and systems, however they are likely to benefit from the latest thinking, with modern highly efficient and resilient solutions being implemented. People Machines Things Sustainability Services Energy/ Service CO2 per unit of Energy

A complex Systems problem … Consumption Questions to be considered: environmental impact cost reduction to Sustainability scalability Location of Production Energy Storage Today as a society we face three global problems/crises. Finance, energy and climate change. Time of Production