960s Fatimids prepare 969 Fatimids to take Egypt take Egypt

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Presentation transcript:

960s Fatimids prepare 969 Fatimids to take Egypt take Egypt Ja‘far al-Sadiq Musa al-Kazim ‘Abd Allah Isma‘il Imami Imams Muhammad al-Mahdi Fatimid Caliphs Al-Qahira (Cairo) Fustat

Carmathians Zirids Muhammad al-Darazi (d. 1019) Duruz = Druze Muwahhidun = Unitarians 973 Al-Mu‘izz (r. 956- 976) arrives in Cairo 996-1021 Reign of al-Hakim 1009 Al-Hakim orders destruction of Holy Sepulchre 1021 Al-Hakim disappears

mid-11th c. Factional fighting in Fatimid army 1063 Plague hits Egypt 1069 Ruler of Mecca changes allegiance to ‘Abbasids 1073 Badr al-Jamali becomes new vizier, imposes order

1090 Hasan-i Sabbah takes Alamut 1092 Assassins kill Nizam al-Mulk 1094 Death of Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir (r. 1036-94). Al-Afdal chooses al-Musta‘li as caliph. Nizar (hier apparent) killed. Hasan-i Sabbah and followers claim to host Nizar’s son, rule as his hujjas (“proofs”/deputies) hashishiyyin/hashishin = assassins

Al-Andalus Maghrib Ifriqiya mid-11th c. Normans raid Ifriqiya, while Bedouin immigrate into region. 1058 Zirids driven out of power by Normans and Bedouin 1061-90 Robert and Roger Guiscard conceive designs on Sicily and S. Italy. Robert takes S. Italy while Roger takes Sicily

7th-9th c. Foundation of many ribats in Spain and N. Africa, inhabited by murabitun (sing. murabit) c. 1035 ‘Abd Allah ibn Yasin converts some of Sanhaja Berbers to strict form of Islam. Movement spreads 1061-82 Yusuf ibn Tashfin leads Sanhaja Berbers in campaign of expansion. Makes capital at Marrakesh (1062)

912-61 Reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman III 976 Hisham becomes caliph at age of 11 1031 Collapse of Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba Ibn Abi ‘Amir ‘Abd al-Rahman muluk al-tawa’if (party kings) Leon, Castile and Navarre

1082 Muslim scholars appealing to Ibn Tashfin for aid against Christians 1085 King of Castile takes Toledo. Ruler of Seville also appeals to Ibn Tashfin 1086 Ibn Tashfin defeats Christians but fails to take Toledo 1086-1106 Ibn Tashfin takes most of al-Andalus. Conquest completed by son in 1110, bringing al-Andalus into empire of murabitun/Almoravids