Health, Human Rights and Intervention Topic 8: Option 8 A Lesson 8 Health, Human Rights and Intervention

Enquiry question 2 : Why do human rights vary from place to place? TODAY’S SPECIFICATION CONTENT: Key idea: 8A.5 There are significant differences between countries in both their definitions and protections of human rights Detailed content: b) Some superpowers and emerging powers have transitioned to more democratic governments but the degree of democratic freedom varies ( comparison of an authoritarian and a democratic system);the protection of human rights and the degree of freedom of speech varies.

Lesson Objectives Independent research on two case studies (China and India) to illustrate how different countries attitudes towards economic development and human rights may be linked to their political ideologies. To understand that many countries of the world are politically corrupt and that this has a negative bearing on human rights. Skills: To be able to analyse The Global Corruption Perception Index and the Democracy Index maps

KEY TERMS: Superpower: A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force e.g. USA Emerging power: An emerging power or rising power is a term used as recognition of the rising, primarily economic, influence of a nation—or union of nations—which has steadily increased their presence in global affairs e.g. China

RECAP: WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING So what was the difference between an authoritarian and a democratic political system? Democratic government A system of government through elected representatives of the people e.g USA WHEREAS…. Authoritarian government: In government, authoritarianism denotes any political system that concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the body of the people.

TASK 1: Interpreting data 1.Look at Table 11.3 ( p 195 in Hodder and in booklet) and highlight The 6 major superpowers(USA, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy) in one colour and the 4 emerging superpowers ( China, Brazil, India and Russia) in another colour. 2.Write down what you notice about the pattern of GNI per capita amongst all 10 countries. Is there any correlation between economic development and human rights?

TASK 2: Flip learning research: Computer suite 1.Research EITHER China OR India’s level of economic development and approach to human rights and make a powerpoint to present and discuss with the rest of the class at the beginning of next week’s lesson. Your powerpoint should include: Information regarding the political status of the country and how this has a bearing onboth economic development and human rights issues Examples of how the country is said to have ‘abused’ human rights ( i.e human rights ‘violations’) 2.Using information from your own group plus a group who have researched the other country write a summary paragraph in which you compare and contrast: i) the degree of democratic freedom in these countries. How does freedom of speech vary between them? ii) the level of economic growth (Ref: Hodder pp195-197 and Oxford p175….)

Enquiry question 2 : Why do human rights vary from place to place? TODAY’S SPECIFICATION CONTENT: Key idea: 8A.5 There are significant differences between countries in both their definitions and protections of human rights Detailed content: c) Levels of political corruption vary and can be measured (Index of Corruption); high levels of corruption are a threat to human rights as the rule of law can be subverted. (4)

WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING What do you think is meant by the term ‘Political Corruption’? Which countries in the world do you think show elements of political corruption? Which world leaders( past or present) stand out as being corrupt to you ? How might political corruption threaten human welfare?

CORRUPTION…………. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-17uU8zkNZM ( Top 10 most corrupt leaders) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLVwz9aHp0o ( Top 25 world’s most corrupt countries)

POLITICAL CORRUPTION Political corruption can take a variety of forms for example:- 1) Allows private interests to dictate government policy 2) Taking decisions that benefit those who are funding the politicians 3) Diverting foreign aid and scarce resources into the private pockets of politicians All of these and other malpractices result in corrupt politicians who can all too easily steer a country away from good government . This movement is often accompanied by a SERIOUS THREAT TO HUMAN RIGHTS. Unfortunately there are rather too many countries suffering from political corruption. Myanmar and Zimbabwe are only two examples. They have both been ranked equally by the global organisation ‘Transparency International’ as the 18th most corrupt countries in the world but their case studies are very different .

Example of Political Corruption: Bangladesh: 2 Years After Rana Plaza, Workers Denied Rights Enforce Labor Law and End Mistreatment of Unions https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/22/bangladesh-2-years-after- rana-plaza-workers-denied-rights ( This is an interesting article about the Bangladeshi community that was affected by the collapse of a factory, killing everyone inside. Scroll down and watch video- how does this make you feel?.............)

Other examples of abuse… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uViyDgxR3ow (Nike sweatshops- ‘Behind the Swoosh’ 20 min programme ) https://www.oxfam.org.au/2011/07/abuse-part-of-daily-bread-for- converse-workers/ (Article -Abuse- part of daily bread for Converse workers) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/11381744/How-the- world-violates-human-rights-country-by-country.html (**Excellent Interactive map by The Telegraph on global human rights issues**)

TASK 3 Read Hodder p.198 and make brief summary notes as to why Myanmar and Zimbabwe both suffer from high levels of political corruption. ( you will find other interesting information on the internet too- Myanmar has featured very highly in the news recently…)

Robert Mugabe – politically corrupt leader of Zimbabwe

Aung San Suu Kyi-winner of Nobel Peace prize 2015 and Myanmar’s leader – National League for Democracy- ( prior to that the country was ruled for more than 40 years by an unelected military junta and there are still problems today…her leadership is questionable….)

KEY TERMS: Corruption: Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power Subverted: To undermine the power and authority in a particular country

MEASURING POLITICAL CORRUPTION It is very hard to measure levels of political corruption around the world as these are very qualitative. ‘Transparency International’ is a non- government international organisation based in Berlin, Germany. It was formed in 1993 and working with governments, businesses and citizens its mission was to ‘combat corruption and prevent criminal activities.’ It defines corruption as ‘ the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, which often involves decision- makers who abuse their positions to sustain their power, status and wealth through the manipulation of policies, institutions and rules of procedure in the allocation of resources.’ The organisation has a presence in over 100 countries and since 1995 has published the Corruption Perception Index which scores each country on how corrupt its public sector is seen to be . The information is based on expert assessments and opinion surveys. The scale used on the maps is such that the higher the index value, the lower the level of corruption. So 0 means a country is highly corrupt See map on next slide………… https://www.transparency.org/country/HTI (Using the Global Corruption index explore different areas of different types of corruption identifying the varying perceptions of each form of corruption)

TASK 4 Ref Pearson P.216 ( coloured maps- see text book in cupboard S97) 1.Study figures 4.17 and 4.18. Describe and explain how the patterns of corruption vary according to the level of democracy. 2.Using the interactive map below, pick three different countries and describe how human rights have been particularly violated in each. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/11381744/How-the- world-violates-human-rights-country-by-country.html (**Excellent Interactive map by The Telegraph on global human rights issues**)

H/W Make sure that all notes are complete from today’s lesson using Weebly and Hodder. Be ready to present your ppt and discuss your ideas on EITHER India or China at the start of next lesson ( see slide 6)