Chapters 28 & 29 US History.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapters 28 & 29 US History

Eisenhower Through JFK Cold War Heats Up Eisenhower Through JFK

I. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s “New Look” A. Elected Prez in 1953 B. Cold War keys 1. Strong economy (why?) 2. Willing to nuke! C. “More Bang for the Buck” 1. Massive Retaliation a. Smaller army ($4 billion savings) b. Bigger nuclear arsenal Nukes over pukes

D. Nuclear delivery systems 1. US  B-52’s, ICBM’s 2. USSR: Sputnik  space satellite 3. NASA formed a. Missile development

II. Brinkmanship A. Brink of War B. Cause less small wars C. Problems? 1. All or nothing 2. USSR joins arms race A. Brink of War B. Cause less small wars C. Problems? D. Taiwan crisis (1953) 1. U.S. defends Taiwan E. Suez Crisis 1. Britain / France to invade Egypt 2. Russia offers Egypt help “… two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other but only at the risk of his own life.” -- Dr. Oppenheimer

John Foster Dulles – Secret. Of State “You have to take chances for peace, just as you must take chances in war. Some say that we were brought to the verge of war. Of course we were brought to the verge of war. The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art. … If you try to run away from it, if you are scared to go to the brink, you are lost. We’ve had to look it square in the face. … We walked to the brink and we looked it in the face. We took strong action.

JFK and the Cold War

I. Containment Approach A. Goal: Reduce threat of nuke war & spread of communism 1. Use combo of non-nuke weapons, $$, support programs B. Flexible Response (not just nukes) 1. Conventional Troops / Weapons 2. Cost more, but nukes not OK for all situations 3. Special Forces (Green Berets)

C. Aid to Latin America 1. Previously seen as helping only in our own interests 2. Alliance for Progress  aid projects D. Peace Corps 1. Humanitarian

E. Cold War moves into space 1. Space Race 2. 1961 – Set goal of beating the Russians to moon

II. Crisis of the Cold War A. Bay of Pigs (Cuba, 1961) 1. Soviet Ally 2. La Brigada 1,400 Cuban exiles 3. Meant to overthrow Castro 4. Failed completely

B. Berlin Wall goes up (June, 1961) 1. Khrushchev  Allies out of West Berlin! 2. Kennedy  bite me, Ruskie 3. People pouring into W.B. to escape Communism 4. Soviets build wall to divide city

C. Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962) 1. Soviet Missiles in Cuba 2. Naval blockade 3. Secret deal worked out D. Impact of Crisis 1. 1963  ban atmospheric testing 2. Khrushchev undermined 3. Soviet military build-up next 20