Unit 5: States of Consciousness Day 1: Sleep & Dreams DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): Read Siri Carter article on sleep deprivation. In pairs, work together to answer the set of questions. Essential Question How do humans experience different states of consciousness? Today’s Plan Daily Commentary reading Superhero Presentations Sleep deprivation & Unit intro PsychSim5 Sleep Cycle & Circadian Rhythms PT 5.1 – Sleep & Dream Log

Unit 5: States of Consciousness Day 1: Sleep & Dreams DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): Complete sleep survey online through google classroom Essential Question How do humans experience different states of consciousness? Today’s Plan Daily Commentary reading Sleep deprivation & Unit intro PsychSim5 Cleep Cycle & Circadian Rhythms PT 5.1 – Sleep & Dream Log

Unit Plan: States Of Consciousness Upcoming Units: Motivation & Learning Test December 15th Personality, Emotion, Stress & Health Test December 22nd Disorders & Therapies Condensed Mini-Unit Perception Condensed Mini-Unit) Memory, Thinking, Language (Condensed Mini-unit) HOMEWORK Assigned: Lesson 1: Sleep & Dreams Readings / Online Modules Myers 271-289 Module #23 & 24 Superhero “Project” Performance Task: Sleep & Dream Log Lesson 2: Hypnosis Readings: Myers 290-295 Module #22 For Lesson 3: Drugs Readings: Myers 296-304; Useful Website: Mouse Party Modules: 24 Quiz/Test December 2nd

Making Up Unit 4 Test (From Friday) Must happen today or tomorrow before school/at lunch NOT AFTER SCHOOL TOMORROW Options: Tmorrow, 1st period, IN MR. COOPER’S ROOM Lunch both days in my room Before school + lunch in my room tomorrow Affected students: Angela, Jada, Kevin, Z, Tremia, Kelbi, Tyree, Makaela Eluardo (Partial only)

Superhero Presentations Format / Expectations Presentation Order Present name of hero Describe brain region affected & how the power works Present scenario in which hero helps Answer questions Bryson Ryan Z Tyree Elizabeth Daniel Angela Kelbi Jada Juliana Niesha Rodney Kevin Tremia Cheryl Nakia Makaela Jamie Gloria Eluardo

Are you sleep Deprived? Number 1-10 in your daily commentary notebook

History of Consciousness Psychology began as a science of consciousness. Behaviorists argued about alienating consciousness from psychology. However, after 1960, mental concepts (consciousness) started reentering psychology. OBJECTIVE 1| Discuss the history of psychology’s study of consciousness and contrast conscious and unconscious information processing.

Forms of Consciousness Consciousness, modern psychologists believe, is an awareness of ourselves and our environment. Bill Ling/ Digital Vision/ Getty Images Stuart Franklin/ Magnum Photos AP Photo/ Ricardo Mazalan Christine Brune

Neuroscience & Consciousness Neuroscientists believe that consciousness emerges from the interaction of individual brain events much like a chord that is created from different musical notes.

Consciousness & Information Processing The unconscious mind processes information simultaneously on multiple tracks, while the conscious mind processes information sequentially. Conscious mind Unconscious mind

Biological Rhythms Biological rhythms are controlled by internal “biological clocks.” 1. Annual cycles: On an annual cycle, geese migrate, grizzly bears hibernate, and humans experience seasonal variations in appetite, sleep, and mood. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder people experience during dark winter months. OBJECTIVE 2| Distinguish four types of biological rhythms, and give and example of each.

Biological Rhythms 2. 28-day cycles: The female menstrual cycle averages 28 days. Research shows menstruation may not affect moods.

Biological Rhythms 3. 24-hour cycles: Humans experience 24-hour cycles of varying alertness (sleep), body temperature, and growth hormone secretion. 4. 90-minute cycles: We go through various stages of sleep in 90-minute cycles.

Sleep & Dreams Sleep – the irresistible tempter to whom we inevitably succumb. Mysteries about sleep and dreams have just started unraveling in sleep laboratories around the world.

Rhythm of Sleep Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness, which are disrupted during transcontinental flights. OBJECTIVE 3| Describe the cycle of our circadian rhythm, and identify some events that can disrupt this biological clock. Illustration © Cynthia Turner 2003 Light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease (morning) melatonin from the pineal gland and increase (evening) it at night fall.

We spend one-third of our lives sleeping. Why do we sleep? We spend one-third of our lives sleeping. If an individual remains awake for several days, they deteriorate in terms of immune function, concentration, and accidents. OBJECTIVE 5| Explain why sleep patterns and duration vary from person to person. Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc./ Corbis

Unit 5: States of Consciousness Day 1: Sleep & Dreams DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): Share a dream Complete the module posted in classroom: EEG & Sleep Stages Essential Question How do humans experience different states of consciousness? Today’s Plan Module as Daily Commentary Sleep Cycle & REM PT 5.1 – Sleep & Dream Log

Unit Plan: States Of Consciousness Upcoming Units: Motivation & Learning Test December 15th Personality, Emotion, Stress & Health Test December 22nd Disorders & Therapies Condensed Mini-Unit Perception Condensed Mini-Unit) Memory, Thinking, Language (Condensed Mini-unit) HOMEWORK Assigned: Lesson 1: Sleep & Dreams Readings / Online Modules Myers 271-289 Module #23 & 24 Superhero “Project” Performance Task: Sleep & Dream Log Lesson 2: Hypnosis Readings: Myers 290-295 Module #22 For Lesson 3: Drugs Readings: Myers 296-304; Useful Website: Mouse Party Modules: 24 Quiz/Test December 2nd

Making Up Unit 4 Test (From Friday) Must happen today or tomorrow before school/at lunch NOT AFTER SCHOOL TOMORROW Options: Tmorrow, 1st period, IN MR. COOPER’S ROOM Lunch both days in my room Before school + lunch in my room tomorrow Affected students: Angela, Jada, Kevin, Z, Tremia, Kelbi, Tyree, Makaela Eluardo (Partial only)

PsychSim5 Do Module entitled: EEG & Sleep Stages Focus on: Sleep Cycle Brain waves during sleep REM

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Impaired concentration. Emotional irritability. Depressed immune system. Greater vulnerability. Fatigue and subsequent death. OBJECTIVE 6| Discuss several risks associated with sleep deprivation.

Frequency of accidents increase with loss of sleep

Sleep Theories Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way. Sleep Recuperates: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. Sleep Helps Remembering: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories. Sleep and Growth: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less. OBJECTIVE 7| Identify four theories of why we sleep.

Sleep Disorders: Somnambulism: Sleepwalking. Insomnia – inability to sleep; person suffers from extreme sleep deprivation Nightmares: Frightening dreams that wake a sleeper from REM. Night terrors: Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate, perspiration) that occur during SWS. OBJECTIVE 8| Identify major sleep disorders.

Sleep Disorders: Narcolepsy: Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up. Sleep apnea: Failure to breathe when asleep.

2nd period Monday after tgiving

Unit 5: States of Consciousness Lesson 1: Sleep (& Dreams!) DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): Write down a vivid dream that you have had (whether recent or not) Be as specific and detailed as possible: Characters Symbols Plot Essential Question How do humans experience different states of consciousness Objectives (write this down!): I can: distinguish between dream theories I can elaborate on the physiological benefits of dreaming

Unit 5: States of Consciousness Day 2: Dreams For Tonight: RJ 6.5 Myers 596-602 Griggs 258-262 & 266-267 Today: DC Dream Symbols Dream Interpretation Notes: Freud & Activation Synthesis Minorities in the News Presentations

Sleep Stages Measuring sleep: About every 90 minutes, we pass through a cycle of five distinct sleep stages. OBJECTIVE 4| List the stages of sleep cycle, and explain how they differ. Hank Morgan/ Rainbow

Awake & Alert During strong mental engagement, the brain exhibits low amplitude and fast, irregular beta waves (15-30 cps). An awake person involved in a conversation shows beta activity. Beta Waves

Awake but Relaxed When an individual closes his eyes but remains awake, his brain activity slows down to a large amplitude and slow, regular alpha waves (9-14 cps). A meditating person exhibits an alpha brain activity.

Sleep Stages 1-2 During early, light sleep (stages 1-2) the brain enters a high-amplitude, slow, regular wave form called theta waves (5-8 cps). A person who is daydreaming shows theta activity. Theta Waves

Sleep Stages 3-4 During deepest sleep (stages 3-4), brain activity slows down. There are large-amplitude, slow delta waves (1.5-4 cps).

Stage 5: REM Sleep After reaching the deepest sleep stage (4), the sleep cycle starts moving backward towards stage 1. Although still asleep, the brain engages in low- amplitude, fast and regular beta waves (15-40 cps) much like awake-aroused state. A person during this sleep exhibits Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and reports vivid dreams.

Dreams The link between REM sleep and dreaming has opened up a new era of dream research.

90-Minute Cycles During Sleep With each 90-minute cycle, stage 4 sleep decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases.

Theories of Dreaming Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment Theory Dreams are an attempt to satisfy sexual and aggressive impulses that we cannot satisfy when we are awake. Manifest Content: the surface level of a dream (images, action). Latent Content: the unconscious meaning of a dream.

What do we dream about? Negative Emotional Content: 8 out of 10 dreams have negative emotional content. Failure Dreams: People commonly dream about failure, being attacked, pursued, rejected, or struck with misfortune. Sexual Dreams: Contrary to our thinking, sexual dreams are sparse. Sexual dreams in men are 1 in 10; and in women 1 in 30. Dreams of Gender: Women dream of men and women equally; men dream more about men than women. OBJECTIVE 9| Describe the most common content of dreams.

Why do we dream? Wish Fulfillment: Sigmund Freud suggested that dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings. The dream’s manifest (apparent) content may also have symbolic meanings (latent content) that signify our unacceptable feelings. Information Processing: Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experiences in our memories. OBJECTIVE 10| Compare the major perspectives on why we dream.

Why do we dream? Physiological Function: Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways. Neural networks of newborns are quickly developing; therefore, they need more sleep.

Why do we dream? Activation-Synthesis Theory: Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity. Cognitive Development: Some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development. All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep, we show increased REM sleep called REM Rebound.

Dream Theories Summary

TO BE CLEAR: YOU ARE ANALYZING ONE DREAM IN TWO DIFFERENT WAYS Wish fulfillment Theme to life interpretation Universal symbol interpretation Activation synthesis theory