Limiting reactant.

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Presentation transcript:

Limiting reactant

Limiting Reactant Limiting Reagent The reactant that is totally used up during the chemical reaction Limits the amount of product produced

Excess Reactant Excess Reagent The reactant present in a quantity that is greater than what is needed to react with the limiting reactant Remains after the limiting reactant has been used up

Graham crackers Marshmallows Chocolate rectangle #1 Item Count 6 2 3 #2 Projected # of S’mores 1 #3 Left over 1. Why don’t all of your projected # of S’mores in line #2 match the actual number of S’mores you can make? 2. What limited the total number of S’mores you can make? 3. What is another word for left over?

Steps Use stoichiometry to convert any reactants given into the specified product (if no product specified choose one) Identify limiting reactant (LR), excess reactant (ER), and max amount of product To calculate how much in excess, subtract the max amount of product and use stoichiometry to convert back to grams of reactant

Example 1 1 MgBr2 + 2 AgNO3 2 AgBr + 1 Mg(NO3)2 How many grams of silver bromide can be formed when solutions containing 50.0 g of magnesium bromide and 100.0 g of silver nitrate are mixed together? What is the limiting reactant? What is in excess? 1 MgBr2 + 2 AgNO3 2 AgBr + 1 Mg(NO3)2 50.0 g MgBr2 1 mol MgBr2 2 mol AgBr 187.77 g AgBr 184.11 g MgBr2 1 mol MgBr2 1 mol AgBr = 102 g AgBr 100.0 g AgNO3 1 mol AgNO3 2 mol AgBr 187.77 g AgBr 169.88 g AgNO3 2 mol AgNO3 1 mol AgBr = 110.5 g AgBr Limiting Reactant (LR) = MgBr2 Excess Reactant (ER) = AgNO3

Example 2 How many grams of hydrogen chloride can be produced from 1.00 g of hydrogen and 55.0 g of chlorine? What is the limiting reactant? What is in excess? H2 + Cl2 2 HCl 1.00 g H2 1 mol H2 2 mol HCl 36.46 g HCl 2.02 g H2 1 mol H2 1 mol HCl = 36.1 g HCl 55.0 g Cl2 1 mol Cl2 2 mol HCl 36.46 g HCl 70.90 g Cl2 1 mol Cl2 1 mol HCl = 56.6 g HCl Limiting Reactant (LR) = H2 Excess Reactant (ER) = Cl2

Example 3 How many grams of barium sulfate will be formed from 200.0 g of barium nitrate and 150.0 g of sodium sulfate? What is the limiting reactant? What is in excess? Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2 NaNO3 200.0 g Ba(NO3)2 1 mol Ba(NO3)2 1 mol BaSO4 233.40 g BaSO4 261.35 g Ba(NO3)2 1 mol Ba(NO3)2 1 mol BaSO4 = 178.6 g BaSO4 150.0 g Na2SO4 1 mol Na2SO4 1 mol BaSO4 233.40 g BaSO4 142.05 g Na2SO4 1 mol Na2SO4 1 mol BaSO4 = 246.5 g BaSO4 Limiting Reactant (LR) = Ba(NO3)2 Excess Reactant (ER) = Na2SO4