The Russian Revolution 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Why would people want to rebel against their government? 9/18/2018 Bennifield

This is the short version…. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

For many years before World War I, Russian citizens had suffered under the rule of Tsar Nicholas II. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

The ruling class held the country’s wealth, and the peasants barely had enough food to eat. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Russia fought on the side of the Allies in World War I and suffered terrible losses. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

By 1917, Russians were tired of food shortages, shivering from coal shortages, and exhausted by war. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Workers united against the Russian ruler, overthrew the monarchy, and killed Nicholas and his family. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

This is known as the Russian Revolution. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

1. Russian citizens were happy and wealthy under Tsar Nicholas II. 2. Russia suffered terrible losses after WWI and the people were tired of being hungry, cold, and ravaged by war. 3. Russia fought on the side of the Central Powers during WWI. 4. The Russian monarchy was overthrown in the Russian Revolution. 5. The Bolshevik, or Communist Party, took over after the Russian Revolution. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

This is the looong version…. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

What was the Russian Revolution? The revolution in the Russian empire in 1917, in which the Russian monarchy (Czarist regime) was overthrown resulting in the formation of the world’s first communist government. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Czar Nicholas II The Last Czar of Russia Descendant of the Russian Romanovs. Absolute ruler with unlimited powers-Ruled alone and unquestioned. Weak personality. Ignored the needs of his people. Czarina Alexandra, wife of Nicholas II was German. Both were very unpopular. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

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The People Majority of the Russians were peasants or factory workers. Most peasants did not own the land they farmed. Factory workers had to endure long hours, low pay, and horrible working conditions. About 80% of Russians were poor. . 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Russia’s Serfs Russia was divided into 2 groups -- the very rich and the extremely poor (serfs = peasants). In exchange for working long hours for a landlord, a serf received a small log hut, a tiny piece of land, and a few animals. Most of the serfs’ crops went to pay the landlord’s taxes. Anyone who resisted the rules was beaten with a leather and wire whip. Many tried to escape, but few succeeded. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Serfs 9/18/2018 Bennifield

The Economy Economy was based on agriculture. Russia was not as industrialized as the rest of Europe. Russia’s war with Japan had devastated Russia’s economy. Food prices went up, but the wages remained the same. Many people were starving. The Economy 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Bloody Sunday The Path to the Revolution 9/18/2018 Bennifield

1905 BLOODY SUNDAY –What happened? Sunday, 22nd January, 1905 On a Sunday afternoon, a large group of over 200,000 unarmed workers, their families, and supporters along with Father Gapon, a Russian priest led a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg. Demonstrators wanted to present a petition to the Czar regarding better working conditions, more wages, and freedom. The unarmed demonstrators were shot by the Czar's troops. Many innocent people were killed. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

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The Czar was forced to create the Duma- the Russian Parliament. Bloody Sunday sparked several protests and strikes by the Russian people. The Czar was forced to create the Duma- the Russian Parliament. Nothing really changed, Nicholas kept power and if members of the Duma disagreed with the Czar they were sent away… 9/18/2018 Bennifield

The Effects of WWI Czar Nicholas ignored the signs that people were unhappy. He was seen as a weak man & became increasingly remote as a ruler. He did not see that changes were needed in the way that his country was run Numerous Soviets thus began to appear on the scene… 9/18/2018 Bennifield

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Fast forward to 1917… 9/18/2018 Bennifield

The February Revolution On February 28, 1917, Czar Nicholas is forced to give up the throne. A provisional (temporary) government takes over. THE PROBLEM: Provisional government supports the war. Peasants are still without land. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

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The October Revolution Bolsheviks gain support from peasants with promise of land. Led by Lenin with slogans such as “Peace, Land, Bread!”, the Bolsheviks take over the provisional government. The Bolshevik Party will be later named The Russian Communist Party. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Vladimir Lenin 9/18/2018 Bennifield

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZbho6AsBOc 9/18/2018 Bennifield

What does Lenin do when he comes to power? 9/18/2018 Bennifield

In 1918, Lenin officially pulls Russia out of WWI. Note: Russia stopped fighting in1917 9/18/2018 Bennifield

In 1918 Bolsheviks order the deaths of Nicholas II and his family. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

RISE OF COMMUNISM 9/18/2018 Bennifield

Communism is the theory that all people should be equal and there should be no classes. Everyone should work for the good of the country and wealth would be equally shared amongst all citizens. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

By 1923 all areas of Russia came under communist control and is renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). 9/18/2018 Bennifield

In 1926, a few years after the death of Lenin the country comes under the control of dictator Joseph Stalin. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

In the years to come, the USSR under Joseph Stalin emerges as the world’s leading superpower. 9/18/2018 Bennifield

A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the German defeat in WWI. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess. existence of sharp economic differences between social classes. Russian victory in the Russo-Japanese War.

Read the statements in the box, and then answer the next question. • Led the Russians in a second revolution (1917) • Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread” • Redistributed land to the peasants. 2) Which leader is being described by these statements? Czar Nicholas II Vladimir I. Lenin Nikita Khrushchev  Mikhail Gorbachev

Read the statements in the box and answer the next question.   “Czar Abdicates! Provisional Government Formed” “Peasants Promised ‘Peace, Land, and Bread’” 3) Which event is the focus of these headlines? Bloody Sunday October Revolution February Revolution Both B and C.

4) In the view of this cartoonist, Russia under Lenin’s rule was characterized by a continuation of traditional life the introduction of capitalism support for a constitutional monarchy rejection of the czarist system

5) Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the Russian Revolution   

6) Revolutionary supporters of Lenin were known as_____ A) the Bolsheviks B) the Duma C) the Cheka D) the Whites

7) A march in1905 that led to the death of hundreds of Russians protesting poverty, poor working conditions, and starvation. October Revolution February Revolution Bloody Monday Bloody Sunday