Za studente Multimedijalnog dokumenta, Bibliotekarstvo i informatika

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Presentation transcript:

Za studente Multimedijalnog dokumenta, Bibliotekarstvo i informatika GIS Za studente Multimedijalnog dokumenta, Bibliotekarstvo i informatika Prof. Ranka Stanković, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet

Geografski Informacioni Sistem GIS? “Integrisan kompjuterski alat za rukovanje, procesiranje i analizu geografskih podataka…” (Johnston et. al 2000) “GIS je skup interaktivno povezanih grafičkih i alfa-numeričkih podataka za određeni deo Zemljine kore...”

Šta je GIS? Geografski Informacioni Sistem (GIS) je računarski informacioni sistem kreiran da upravlja prostornim podacima, da ih prikuplja, pretražuje, analizira, prikazuje i skladišti Brojne koristi od njegove upotrebe imaju organizacije različitih veličina u skoro svakoj grani privrede i društva Osim poslovnih primena, sve više se koristi i u svakodnevnom životu Interesovanje šire zajednice za GIS je sve veće

Kakve koristi nam donosi GIS? Unapređenje komunikacija korišćenjem tematskih digitalnih mapa bogatih sadržajem. Donošenje boljih odluka izbor nepokretnosti, prostorno planiranje, zaštita, izbor najbolje rute, korišćenje mineralnih resursa, hazard i rizik

Softver Mali broj komercijalnih GIS alata: ESRI Intergraph Siemens MapInfo (Erdas)

(ne tako) Nedavne promene Razvoj komunicione tehnologije (Internet, mobilni telefoni i uređeji, WLAN) Obilje podataka: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) Satelitski snimci Lasersko Skaniranje/Digitalna Fotogrametrija Zajednica za razvoj softvera otvorenog koda (open source software)

Novi alati/okruženje GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Informacije o pozicijama dostupne sa visokim kvalitetom Navigacija (automatska/navođenje: automobili, avioni, bageri, brodovi, biciklizam,…) Pametni uređaji (mobilni, dvosmerni pristup podacima) Google Earth, Google Maps, Microsoft Bing QGIS, Geoserver, PosGIS

Prve digitalne karte (Marble et al. 1984)

Primer: OpenStreetMap (1) Podatke obezbedila Zajednica korisnika Organizacioje (npr, Ordnance Survey) Privatne osobe Podaci prikupljeni korišćenjem GPS-tracks Digitalizacijom aero slika Teheran (OSM, 2011)

Primer : OpenStreetMap (2) Slobodno korišćenje (License: Creative Commons) Korisno za rutiranje i kartiranje Dostupno za veći deo zemljine kugle Public Transport in Berlin (Melchior Moos, 2008)

Aktuelne oblasti istraživanja Semantika podataka Određivanje kvaliteta masovno prikupljenih podataka (VGI) Korisnički interfejs Procesiranje i vreme

Semantika podataka (Comber, 2007) Podaci dolaze iz različitih izvora – šta se dešava kada se kombinuju? Različite zajednice koriste različite sisteme za klasifikaciju – namena zemljišta ili korišćenje zemljišta (land cover vs. land use)? Poređenje baba i žaba (apples and oranges)? (Wikipedia)

Ocena kvaliteta podataka Jednostavno je rezutate pojedinačnog osmatranja (kvalitet zavisi od opreme) Teško je kada Podaci se prikupljaju tokom dužeg perioda Podatke prikuplja veliki broj osoba

Ocena kvaliteta podataka (2) Ideje za određivanje kvaliteta za upravljanje zempljištem: Geometrijski kvalitet katastarskih granica: poređenje skupova podataka sa originalnim geodetskim podacima Poređenje skupova podataka sa ortofoto snimcima Rezultat: Promenljivi kvalitet – kako komunicirati? Odstupanja od nekoliko cm do 150m RGF, Geoinformatika

Slojevi podataka Data Layers Slojevi se preklapaju Odgovori na pitanja o relacijama između objekata GIS odgovara na pitanja ‘šta ako?’ Testiranje različitih scenarija i mogućih ishoda

Veb GIS koncepti Veb GIS distribuiranih informacionih sistema. veb GIS server veb čitač desktop ili mobilna aplikacija Pomoću url-a servera, klijent pronalazi aplikaciju na vebu. Klijent korišćenjem HTTP-a šalje zahtev serveru, server obrađuje zahtev i vraća klijentu odgovor. Za obradu zahteva, server koristi neku od GIS tehnologija. Za ispis rezultata na klijentskoj strani, kojist se HTML, JSON, XML…

Google razvojni alati https://developers.google.com/maps/web/ Potrebno je uzeti ključ i ključ ugraditi u kod Interaktivni primeri

Primeri GIS-a Katastar napuštenih kopova http://kanakov.vojvodina.gov.rs/ Klizišta http://geoliss.mre.gov.rs/beware/webgis/ Istražna odobrenja http://geoliss.mre.gov.rs/geoliep/ Geološka karta http://geoliss.mre.gov.rs/karte/geo300.html

GIS~Excel File – Options – Add-ins – Manage: COM Add-ins – Microsoft Power Map for Excel – Go Sektovati sve i reći OK

BING mape https://www.bing.com/maps/

Otvoreni geografski podaci OpenStreetMapData http://openstreetmapdata.com/data Za preuzimanje videti GEOFABRIK http://download.geofabrik.de/ Katalog naješće korišćenih otvorenih podataka: http://monde-geospatial.com/top-15-free-gis-data- sources-you-will-ever-need/

Global Map Skup GIS slojeva: transport, nadmorske visine, vegetacija, administrativne granice, namena zemljišta and populacija (1km).. https://globalmaps.github.io/

Convert to/from GeoJSON https://ogre.adc4gis.com/

ArcMap™ Main menu Data View Title bar Standard toolbar Layers (slojevi) Table of Contents (TOC) Data View Context menu (desni klik miša) ArcMap’s User Interface (UI) Animated sequence: 1. UI bars Title bar: Displays both the file name (e.g., ArcMap Interface.mxd) and application name. Main menu and Standard toolbar: By default, ESRI applications all have a Main menu and Standard toolbar. Although both are toolbars, the Main menu contains only menus. Menus contain menu items, which represent additional commands and functions (e.g., Print). Status bar: Located at the bottom of the ArcMap application, the Status bar provides a brief description of a tool’s function, or reports on the progress and/or result of a command's execution (e.g., length values from using the Measurement tool), or displays coordinates of the mouse cursor’s location in the Data View. Tip: When you see the spinning Earth icon in the Status bar, ArcMap is busy. Refrain from using the application until the spinning Earth icon disappears. Toolbars: Additional toolbars (e.g., Tools toolbar or Draw toolbar) are available in either ArcMap or ArcCatalog. Any toolbar can be docked at the top or bottom or to the left or right side of the ArcMap or ArcCatalog windows. Alternatively, toolbars can float on the desktop while functioning as part of the application. To prevent a toolbar from docking, hold down the <Ctrl> key while dragging the toolbar. 2. TOC, Data View, and Layers Table of Contents (TOC): Much like a map legend, the TOC lists the layers in the map. The TOC is dockable and can be resized by horizontally dragging the vertical divider between the TOC and the Data View. Tip: If you accidentally close the TOC, it can be reopened through the Window menu  TOC. Data View: ArcMap’s display area where checked layers are drawn. Layers: As explained in the next slide, layers reference GIS datasets that are used in ArcMap for purposes of display, query, or editing. 3. Context menu: A Context menu is a floating menu that pops up at the location of the pointer when you right-click. In the example of this slide, the user right clicks on the Noxious Weeds layer to display the layer’s Context menu. In the Context menu, additional functions and commands are available. Tools toolbar Draw toolbar Status bar