Population and Demography

World’s growth rate

Malthus & New Malthusians The population will outstrip its food supply Exponential growth It took all of human history to 1800 for the world to hit its 1st billion 2 billion 130 years (1930) 3 billion 30 years (1960) 4 billion 15 years (1975) 5 billion 12 years (1987) 6 billion 12 years (1999)

Anti-Malthusians Demographic Transition Theory Stage 1 Stable population births & deaths are balanced Stage 2 Rapidly growing population births far outnumber deaths Stage 3 Stable population births & deaths become balanced Stage 4 Shrinking population deaths outnumber births

Reasons for population Increase/Decrease

Migration Emigration Immigration Internal Migration pop. leaves an area Immigration pop. enters an area Most countries do not encourage Internal Migration movement within nation’s boundary lines

Death Rate Leading causes of death 1900 for the United States 1. Pneumonia 2. Tuberculosis 3. Diarrhea 4. Heart disease 5. Kidney disease

Table C. Deaths and percentage of total deaths for the 10 leading causes of death: United States, 2004 2004 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992) Rank1 Deaths Percent of total deaths All causes 2,397,615 100.0 Diseases of heart 1 652,486 27.2 Malignant neoplasms (cancer) 2 553,888 23.1 Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke, aneurysm) 3 150,074 6.3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4 121,987 5.1 Accidents (unintentional injuries)) 5 112,012 4.7 Diabetes mellitus 6 73,138 3.1 Alzheimer’s disease 7 65,965 2.8 Influenza and pneumonia 8 59,664 2.5 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (kidney disease) 9 42,480 1.8 Septicemia (blood poisining) 10 33,373 1.4 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_05.pdf

Fertility

A woman can have potentially 30 children in her life time A woman can have potentially 30 children in her life time. Realistically the max is usually 15.

Determination of Fertility

Women’s avg. age at 1st marriage   Infant mortality

Value of children Gender preferences children as insurance against divorce children as securers of women’s position in family children’s value for economic gain children’s value for old-age support Pg. 391-392, 396 Henslin Gender preferences

Fertility Control Contraception use Income level Education of women Urban or rural residence