Immunity/Vaccinations January 30-31, 2018

1. Use Red Book to define the terms Bellwork 1. Use Red Book to define the terms Antibodies Antigens Immunity 2. Name one disease you have immunity against

Understanding our Vocabulary Antibody: A protein found in the blood that is produced in response to foreign substances (e.g. bacteria or viruses) invading the body. Antibodies protect the body from disease by binding to these organisms and destroying them. Antigen: An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. This means your immune system does not recognize the substance, and is trying to fight it off.

Immunity able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products.  Protection from infectious disease Natural (Innate), Active and passive Further categorized as acquired naturally or passively Immunity is defined as protection from infectious disease.

Why would it be important for me to be immune from a disease like the measles?

Standard 10.Correlate the function of normal flora with homeostasis and relate deviation to disease states. Evaluate specific measures to prevent deviation that are aligned with accepted standards of care. 11.Assess the differences between healthcare-associated infections and non-health care associated infections using examples drawn from mock patient documents or case studies. Support explanations with relevant surveillance statistics, preventive measures, and methodologies concerning outbreak detection, management, and education.

Objective By end of class, students will understand the types of immunity and why we vaccinate.

Stages of Disease Incubation stage Prodromal stage Acute stage Declining stage Convalescent stage There are several stages in the disease process. In some illnesses, there are not clear definitions between the stages.

Innate Immunity Innate Immunity: Defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. Mechanisms can be mechanical, chemical or cellular These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.  Present in an individual at birth prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen.

Can adapt to a specific threat, or antigen. Takes time to develop Adaptive Immunity Can adapt to a specific threat, or antigen.  Takes time to develop Remembers the antigen/pathogen Can be Active or Passive

Active Natural Immunity Develops when body is exposed to pathogenic microorganisms Microorganisms contain antigens (cell markers) White blood cells develop antibodies Antibodies protect during second exposure An example of active natural immunity is when a person is infected with varicella. Varicella is the virus that causes chicken pox. The person gets sick, recovers, and never “catches” chicken pox again. The person had the disease and will never get this disease again due to the antibodies the person has.

Active Artificial Immunity Develops when antigen is purposely introduced into body Vaccine Live, weakened, dead microorganism Stimulates antibody formation without causing disease Active artificial immunity occurs when a person receives a vaccine to produce immunity. An example includes the tetanus vaccine. After you receive the tetanus injection, you are protected against tetanus. The vaccine stimulated antibodies that will protect you from becoming ill.

Passive Natural Immunity Develops when antibodies from mother cross placenta to fetus Provide protection to fetus for several months Additional antibodies are found in breastmilk Passive natural immunity occurs when a mother gives birth and the newborn does not get ill for a short period of time. Passive immunity is short term. Another example of passive natural immunity is when a mother breastfeeds her infant. The child receives the mother’s antibodies through breast milk and will not become ill.

Passive Artificial Immunity Develops when preformed antibodies from animal or human are then injected into an individual with known exposure Receiving manufactured antibodies via external delivery (e.g blood transfusions of monoclonal antibodies) Antiserum provides temporary passive immunity Helps in cases of exposure to rabies, botulism, venomous snake or spider bites, hepatitis, and diphtheria Passive artificial immunity occurs when preformed antibodies are developed in an animal or human and are then injected into an individual with a known exposure. A person with a known exposure to hepatitis can be injected with gamma globulins to produce a short-term immunity to hepatitis A. The injection boosts the person’s immunity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpkBus0OE0g https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-adaptive-immunity-definition- and-types.html

Why vaccinate? The bottom line is that vaccines save lives According to a recent study led by the CDC, routine childhood vaccinations administered between 1994 and 2013 “will save 732,000 lives, prevent 322 million cases of illness and prevent 21 million hospitalizations, as well as save $1.38 trillion.”

Vaccines Vaccination is one of the best ways parents can protect infants, children and teens from potentially harmful diseases. Vaccine-preventable diseases can be very serious, may require hospitalization, or even be deadly – especially in infants and young children.

Diseases for which vaccination is routinely recommended Mumps Pertussis/Whopping Cough Pneumococcal disease Polio Rotavirus Rubella Tetanus Varicella (chickenpox) HPV Diphtheria Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Herpes zoster (shingles) Human papillomavirus (HPV) Influenza Measles Meningococcal disease

Vaccination 2017 Schedule file:///C:/Users/richm/Desktop/School/Medical%20Therapuetics/standard%2 014/parent-version-schedule-7-18yrs.pdf

Myth Most diseases are nonexistent in the United States, so there is no real need to getting vaccinated.

Many diseases ARE common in other parts of the world. Travelers can bring diseases into the United States and disease can spread QUICKLY.

Myth Natural infection is better than vaccination.

There can be a high a price to pay for natural immunity: Chickenpox infection can lead to pneumonia Polio infection can cause permanent paralysis Mumps infection can lead to deafness Hib infection an result in permanent brain damage

Vaccination Schedules https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/teen/parent-version- schedule-7-18yrs.pdf

Herd Immunity The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population Results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination.

NOVA VACCINE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqbH40Y9XJw

Bell Work: January 31, 2018 A 12 month-old baby just received his last series of his Hepatitis B Vaccination. What type of immunity does the baby have against Hepatitis B? You were hiking at Montgomery Bell State Park and stepped on a Copperhead. You are rushed to the ER and given Anitvenom to stop complications from the snake bite. What type of immunity does this describe? A newborn baby breastfeeding is an example of what type of immunity? Your family has been struck with the stomach virus. What type of immunity prevents you from getting that specific stomach virus again? What type of immunity are we born with? What type of immunity protects a population from getting a disease?

Flu Case Study Work in pairs to complete the Flu Case Study online. Use a separate piece of paper to answer the questions. Make sure you label which Part the questions are from. Example: Part 1 1. 2 3. 4. 5. Part 2 2.