Lymphatic System and Immunity Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 12

Chapter Assignments Chapter 12 Text notes, pg. 399-424 Workbook 235-246, 249, 251

The Lymphatic System: Vessels, Nodes, and Organs Text p. 399-403 WB 235-239

Lymphatic System Purpose: Return escaped fluids back to the blood Filter fluid and remove foreign substances (Immune Response – Body Defense) Consists of two semi-independent parts: Lymphatic vessels Lymphoid tissues and organs

Lymphatic Organs Tonsils Thymus Spleen Peyer’s patches Appendix (in pharyngeal region) Thymus (in thorax; most active during youth) Spleen (curves around left side of stomach) Peyer’s patches (in intestine) Appendix

Tonsils in your Mouth

The Thymus

The Spleen

Lymphatic System – Vessels and nodes Lymph vessels Lymph node Ducts Right lymphatic Left thoracic 3 L interstitial fluid / day Return leaked fluid Filter/clean fluids

Lymphatic Vessels Transport Fluids From Intercellular Spaces Back to the Bloodstream

System and vessel relationship Flow of Lymph Venous system Arterial Lymphatic Heart Blood capillaries Loose connective tissue around

Capillaries and interstitial fluid © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lymphatic Capillaries

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Blind-end capillary © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Special structural features of lymphatic capillaries Endothelial cell Flaplike minivalve Filaments anchored to connective tissue Special structural features of lymphatic capillaries

Lymph Drainage Thoracic duct Spleen Entrance of right lymphatic duct into right subclavian vein Thoracic duct Spleen KEY: Drained by the right lymphatic duct Drained by the thoracic duct

Lymph Movement Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdYxx4CHb-A

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Lymph Node © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lymph Nodes Contain many lymphocytes and macrophages Lymph nodes filter lymph before returning it to the blood Harmful materials that are filtered: Bacteria Viruses Cancer cells Cell debris

Lymph Node

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Edema – when lymph is not taken up well Normal uptake = 3 liters lymph returned in 24 hr © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Immune System: Body Defenses Non-Specific Response Text p. 403-410 WB 240-243

TWO Body Defense Systems Innate defense system Non-specific 1st line 2nd line Adaptive defense system Specific 3rd line

Innate Defense System 1st line of defense Skin / mucous membrane Chemical secretions Reflexes

Innate Defense System 2nd line of defense Phagocytic cells Inflammatory response Fever Antimicrobial proteins Natural killer cells

1. Phagocytic Cells Neutrophils are active during short term or acute infection

Phagocytic Cell – Immune Response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1ZoMZZV2d8

2. Inflammatory Response Signs: Redness, heat, swelling, pain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcAAnj4czzo

3. Fever Hypothalamus thermostat reset higher by pyrogens (secreted by WBCs) High temperatures inhibit the release of iron and zinc from liver and spleen (Bacteria need iron and zinc to survive) Speed of repair processes increases

4. Antimicrobial Proteins Enhance innate defenses by: Attacking microorganisms directly (COMPLEMENT PROTEINS) Hindering reproduction of microorganisms (INTERFERON) Complement proteins 30+ blood proteins that destroy microorganisms Interferon Proteins that inhibit viral replication https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1zjTImMuwY

5. Natural Killer (NK) Cells Lyse and kill cancer cells, virus-infected cells Release a chemical called perforin Perforin causes cell membrane and nucleus to dissolve https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va1jaBGwoT8

In Review:

Text p. 410-420 Play Immunity Game – 30 min (at least) The Immune System: Body Defenses Specific Response (Humoral, antibody-mediated) Text p. 410-420 Play Immunity Game – 30 min (at least)

Adaptive Defense System 3rd line of defense Humoral Antibodies Macrophages Lymphocytes B cells Cellular T cells Immunity—specific resistance to disease

Antibodies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys_V6FcYD5I

Conflict: Immunity Game Your Challenge – Complete all levels!! https://biomanbio.com/HTML5GamesandLabs/Physiogames/conflictimmunityhtml5page.html

The Immune System: Body Defenses Specific Response (Humoral, antibody-mediated) (Cellular, cell-mediated) Text p. 420-424 WB 244-246, 249

Humoral Immune Response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L32Na8fGjzA

Cell Mediated Immune Response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc3tbNBSR5Y

Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyCWm8WrZJU

The Immune System: Vaccination WB 251

Active vs Passive Immunity Active – your body makes the antibodies in response to pathogen Passive – your body receives antibodies from another source Which images represents Active and Passive Immunity?

Vaccination – Artificial Active Immunity How do vaccines work? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs