Ocean Instrumentation

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Presentation transcript:

Ocean Instrumentation Luis Rodriguez USNA Hendrix Lab

What is an Ocean Instrument An instrument is used to describe characteristics within its environment and outputs a repeatable and understandable quantity Components: Sensor - A material that reacts to changes within its physical properties in a known manner when is in contact with the environment Translator - converts signal into a usable form. Micro-computer. Display Characteristics: Usually found in specs sheet Sensitivity – How fast does it react to environment Accuracy – Reproduce same quantity over time Sampling Rate – ie. 4 Hz = 4 samples per second

What is an ocean instrument Analog vs Digital instruments: Thermometer vs Thermistor Refractometer vs Conductivity sensor Secchi Disk vs Profiling Natural Fluorometer (PNF)

Material properties Electrical – Conductivity Calibrations – Changes in properties due to wear Post Processing – Error due to pitch or heave Mechanical - Stress / Pressure Thermal - Temperature Chemical - Change in color Cl − Cl − Cl − Na + Cl − Na + Na + Na + Cl − Cl − Cl − Cl − Na + Na + Na + Na +

Oceanographic Instruments

Oceanographic Vessels YP-686 (100 Ft) USNA Edgewaters (18 Ft) Deep Water Winch Lab Space Low draft for shallow applications

Refractometer Water Sampler Bucket Thermometer

CTD Conductivity Temperature Depth Most basic oceanographic measurement Usually installed on most oceanographic instruments Density Sound Propagation Three main configurations:

Cage CTD Deep water applications with small vessel Components Included: Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Pressure Sensor PH Sensor Dissolve Oxygen Sensor Pump Data logger / Brain Housing Deck unit

Rosette CTD Collects live water quality data and discrete samples Used for deep water applications with a winched vessel Components Included: Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Water sampler/sensor interface Pressure Sensor PH Sensor Dissolve Oxygen Sensor Pump Data logger / Brain Housing Deck unit

CTD Sonde Portable Field Interchangeable Sensors Long term deployments

Secchi Disk Correlates the visibility of the disk from surface to the Euphotic depth. (Multiply by 1.7) Named after Angelo Secchi (Friends with Commander Maury)

Profiler Natural Fluorometer (PNF) PAR (Photosynthetic Available Radiance) sensor measures visible light penetrating the water column Euphotic layer is where PAR is reduced to 1% of its surface value

Benchtop Fluorometer Measures Chlorophyll A by continuous flow or discrete sampling

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Down looking Workhorse ADCP on YP-686 Side looking ADCP River Ray ADCP

Side-Scan Sonar Towfish Maps the bottom bathymetry of the seafloor through ultrasonic pins Maps up to 300m deep with a swath of up to 200m each side at 900kHz

Sub-Bottom Profiler Measures sediment composition through SONAR Can measure into a 100m of sediment in up to 300m water depth

Ponar Sediment Grab

Plankton Net Otter Trawl

Automated Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Pre-programmable Missions Able perform multiple samples over short amount of time Expensive Risk of equipment loss

Instrument Deployment Techniques to use instruments: Slow is good Uniformness Control Sample Be safe