and the role of the shipping industry Marine research and the role of the shipping industry Peter Hinchliffe with thanks to: OceanScope and

The burning questions 50% The Oceans and Climate? 25% This picture depicts CO2 emissions not just from the burning of fossil fuels. The oceans and the land about a quarter of these emissions each. The rest stays in the atmosphere. http://www.carboncounter.info/

Climate (CO2) control by biology (& chemistry) Co2 exchange is both ways. Mention role of phtyo in o2 and co2 pump. CO2 sequestration to depth

SO how can the shipping industry help out ? Climate (heat) control by physics SO how can the shipping industry help out ? The ocean conveyor belt Modified after http://www.muchapedia.com/image-files/ocean-circulation.jpg

Commercial ships go where few scientists have gone before and much more frequently Oceanography all day everyday and everywhere Using Ships of Opportunity (SOOs) OceanScope is leading the way in how best to do this

What is a ship of opportunity (SOO)? Repeating track What is a ship of opportunity (SOO)? Climate Circulation Biodiversity Invasive species Pollution baselines Power & water intake No impact on ship’s normal operation Real-time transmission

Types of ships of opportunity (SOOs) Ferries Cruise Ships Rig Supply Vessels Cargo Vessels Cargo Vessels Oil tanker

Measuring physics measuring currents Salinity Temperature ~60 cm 9 cm ADCP Transducer

mounted in wells near the keel amidships ADCP Transducers mounted in wells near the keel amidships The 150 kHz and 30 kHz ADCP transducers in transducer wells near the keel amidships. Each has its own transducer well and is protected by a polycarbonate window. The wells are free flooded but most of the crossion and biofoulding is kept at bay by flooding the inside with fresh water and maintaining a positive pressure fresh water environment by continually dripping fresh water into the space. University of Miami 9

Where in the World : CO2 uptake data Database is full of holes Less data More data Takahashi et al., 2009 No year to year information either

Filling the holes using SOOs The current global CO2 network is small Filling the holes using SOOs International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project

Major benefits of SOOs To SCIENCE To SOCIETY To GOVERNMENT To INDUSTRY

Major benefits of SOOs – To SCIENCE Collects scientific data on a regular basis Observes change in the ocean impossible to get by other means Fills big holes in data/understanding Highly cost effective A global perspective

Helps inform on how to respond to Major benefits of SOOs – To SOCIETY Helps inform on how to respond to Climate change Pollution Awareness raising Underpins regulation/policy

Major benefits of SOOs – To INDUSTRY Better information on their environment Educational & promotional outreach to stakeholders & public Influence policy (e.g. setting of emissions reduction) Informs environmental & corporate responsibilities

SCOR* OceanScope A science-industry partnership for the sustained systematic study of the global ocean water column using SOOs … making the vision a reality Using instrumentation that operates without the need for human presence and to operate automatically No interference with the ship’s normal operation To transmit quality data in near real-time Merchant vessels as “satellites orbiting the Earth at sea level” OS is working out the best way to achieve a global sustained network of SOOs for observing the ocean *Scientific Committee for Ocean Research