COS 312 DAY 1 Tony Gauvin

Agenda Class roll call Instructor Introduction Instructor’s Educational Philosophy Contract on Classroom Behavior Syllabus review Web Resources General Information about class Intro to Java Assignment 1 posted Due Jan 22 prior to class

Instructor Tony Gauvin Associate Professor of E-Commerce 218 Nadeau Hall (207) 834-7519 or Extension 7519 TonyG@maine.edu Quick Resume Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall

Fall Schedule 9/20/2018 Tony Gauvin Spring 2015   Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 8:00 AM 8:30 AM 9:00 AM 9:30 AM 10:00 AM Office 10:30 AM Hours 11:00 AM 11:30 AM 12:00 PM 12:30 PM 1:00 PM 1:30 PM 2:00 PM COS/ELC 312 2:30 PM JAVA 3:00 PM OMS 100 3:30 PM 2-3:20 PM 4:00 PM 4:30 PM 5:00 PM 5:30 PM 6:00 PM 6:30 PM 7:00 PM 7:30 PM Office hours are listed 8:00 PM Also available by Appointment 8:30 PM 207 834 7519 9:00 PM tonyg@maine.edu 9:30 PM ® 2014, Tony Gauvin, UM 9/20/2018

Instructional Philosophy Out-Come based education Would rather discuss than lecture Requires student preparation Hate grading assignments Especially LATE assignments Use class interaction, assignments, exams and Capstone Project to determine if outcomes are met.

Cos/Elc 312 Outcomes This course continues from the COS 260 Introduction to Programming that is a core component of the prerequisite COS 312 Introduction to Computer Programming course. Upon completion of this course, participants will have gained knowledge of object-oriented and structured programming paradigm concepts, principles, skills (including data type selection and implementation), and the ability to: effectively program in depth effectively apply problem solving techniques to the design of computer algorithm(s) for a task select the appropriate programming language(s) for a task select and implement data type(s) most appropriate for a task (selected from arrays, records, stacks, queues, lists, simple trees) test and debug programs evaluate the quality and efficiency of a program identify improvements that can be made to the quality and efficiency of a program's source code and/or documentation describe key programming concepts, including: object-oriented programming paradigm event and exception handling control structures recursion iteration sorting searching develop: JAVA GUI based applications JAVA applets for deployment on WWW adding much greater interactive multimedia functionality to Web Sites explain key social aspects of programming, including: intellectual property liability privacy ethical behavior ® 2014, Tony Gauvin, UM 9/20/2018

Class Documents Code from Class Syllabus Contract on Classroom behavior Class Slides http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/Spring2015/cos312/ Code from Class http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/Spring2015/cos312/Code/ ® 2014, Tony Gauvin, UM 9/20/2018

Web Resources Java Website (Oracle) Blackboard https://www.courses.maine.edu Instructor’s Web Site http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu Textbook Web Site http://www.pearsonhighered.com/cs-resources/products/product.html#product,isbn=0133370461 Java Website (Oracle) https://www.oracle.com/java/index.html https://www.java.com/en/ Jgrasp http://www.jgrasp.org/ Other Useful Sites Http://www.javaworld.com Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall

Bribe List 1947 HD FLH “knucklehead” 2014 Audi R8 1950 Buick RoadMaster 1955 Buick Special ) 1965/66 Shelby Cobra S/C 427 2013 M/B SLS AMG GT 215 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat 2015 Harley CVO Limted 2015 50th Ann. Mustang Current Collection

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter Scope Introduce the Java programming language Program compilation and execution Problem solving in general The software development process Overview of object-oriented principles Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java A computer is made up of hardware and software hardware – the physical, tangible pieces that support the computing effort program – a series of instructions that the hardware executes one after another Programs are sometimes called applications software – consists of programs and the data those programs use Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java A programming language specifies the words and symbols that we can use to write a program A programming language employs a set of rules that dictate how the words and symbols can be put together to form valid program statements The Java programming language was created by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Made available for free under the GNU General Public License It was introduced in 1995 and its popularity grew quickly http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Java_Programming/History Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java In the Java programming language a program is made up of one or more classes a class contains one or more methods a method contains program statements These terms will be explored in detail throughout the course A Java application always contains a method called main Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

A basic template for a Java Application //*********************************************************** // template.java // // Basic template for a Java application // tony gauvin 1/7/2015 //*********************************************************** public class Template // change template to the name of new application { public static void main (String[] args) { // write the code you want to run } } Code\Template.java Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

//******************************************************************** // Lincoln.java Java Foundations // // Demonstrates the basic structure of a Java application. public class Lincoln { //----------------------------------------------------------------- // Prints a presidential quote. public static void main(String[] args) System.out.println("A quote by Abraham Lincoln:"); System.out.println("Whatever you are, be a good one."); } Code\Chap1\Lincoln.java Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

A Java Program public class MyProgram { class header } class body Comments can be placed almost anywhere Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

A Java Program // comments about the class public class MyProgram { } // comments about the method public static void main(String[] args) { } method header method body Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Comments Comments should be included to explain the purpose of the program and describe processing They do not affect how a program works Java comments can take three forms: // this comment runs to the end of the line /* this comment runs to the terminating symbol, even across line breaks */ /** this is a javadoc comment */ Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Identifiers Identifiers are the words a programmer uses in a program can be made up of letters, digits, the underscore character ( _ ), and the dollar sign BUT cannot begin with a digit Java is case sensitive Total, total, and TOTAL are different identifiers By convention, programmers use different case styles for different types of identifiers, such as title case for class names - Lincoln upper case for constants – MAXIMUM First letter of Every word but first is Upper case for identifiers - myFirstString Java Style Guide https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/javaguide.html http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/ Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Identifiers Sometimes we choose identifiers ourselves when writing a program (such as Lincoln) Sometimes we are using another programmer's code, so we use the identifiers that he or she chose (such as println) Often we use special identifiers called reserved words that already have a predefined meaning in the language A reserved word cannot be used in any other way Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Reserved Words Java reserved words: Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

White Space Spaces, blank lines, and tabs are called white space White space is used to separate words and symbols in a program Extra white space is ignored A valid Java program can be formatted many ways Programs should be formatted to enhance readability, using consistent indentation Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

//******************************************************************** // Lincoln2.java Java Foundations // // Demonstrates a poorly formatted, though valid, program. public class Lincoln2{public static void main(String[]args){ System.out.println("A quote by Abraham Lincoln:"); System.out.println("Whatever you are, be a good one.");}} Code\Chap1\Lincoln2.java Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

//******************************************************************** // Lincoln3.java Java Foundations // // Demonstrates another valid program that is poorly formatted. public class Lincoln3 { public static void main ( String [] args ) System.out.println ( "A quote by Abraham Lincoln:" ) ; System.out.println "Whatever you are, be a good one." ) ; } Code\Chap1\Lincoln3.java Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Program Development The mechanics of developing a program include several activities writing the program in a specific programming language (such as Java) translating the program into a form that the computer can execute investigating and fixing various types of errors that can occur Software tools can be used to help with all parts of this process Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Language Levels Each type of CPU has its own specific machine language There are four programming language levels machine language - CPU specific assembly language -- architecture/CPU specific high-level language - Java, C, C++, C#, Ada, Smalltalk, Lisp, Cobol, Fortran, RPN, Visual Basic fourth-generation language -- PowerBuilder, Crystal Reports, SQL Each type of CPU has its own specific machine language The other levels were created to make it easier for a human being to read and write programs Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Language Levels A high-level expression and its lover level equivalents: Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Compilation Each type of CPU executes only a particular machine language A program must be translated into machine language before it can be executed A compiler is a software tool which translates source code into a specific target language Often, that target language is the machine language for a particular CPU type The Java approach is somewhat different Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Basic Programming Steps A program is written in an editor, compiled into an executable form, and then executed If errors occur during compilation, an executable version is not created Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java Translation The Java compiler translates Java source code into a special representation called bytecode Java bytecode is not the machine language for any traditional CPU Another software tool, called an interpreter, translates bytecode into machine language and executes it Therefore the Java compiler is not tied to any particular machine Java is considered to be architecture-neutral Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Java Translation Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Code\Template - Copy.txt Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Development Environments A development environment is the set of tools used to create, test, and modify a program An integrated development environment (IDE) combine the tools into one software program All development environments contain key tools, such as a compiler and interpreter Others include additional tools, such as a debugger, which helps you find errors Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Development Environments There are many environments that support the development of Java software, including: Sun Java Development Kit (JDK) Eclipse NetBeans BlueJ jGRASP  we will use this one in class Though the details of these environments differ, the basic compilation and execution process is essentially the same Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Java Development Environment You will need a JAVA Development Kit (JDK) The latest version is JDK 8 –JDK 7 is installed at UMFK http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html IF you wish to deploy native Java Applications you will also need a JAVA Run Time Environment (JRE) You will also need an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) There are many good, free IDE’s available For “real” development www.netbeans.org www.eclipse.org For beginners www.bluej.org For Education www.jgrasp.org << we will use this IDE in this class

JGrasp Tutorials Written Video http://www.jgrasp.org/tutorials200/jGRASP_02_Getting_Started.pdf http://www.jgrasp.org/ Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AisACeLbHU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHICqIYV33k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6d2lrQJR8E

Syntax and Semantics The syntax rules of a language define how we can put together symbols, reserved words, and identifiers to make a valid program The semantics of a program statement define what that statement means (its purpose or role in a program) A program that is syntactically correct is not necessarily logically (semantically) correct A program will always do what we tell it to do, not what we meant to tell it to do Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Errors A program can have three types of errors: The compiler will find syntax errors and other basic problems (compile-time errors) A problem can occur during program execution, such as trying to divide by zero, which causes a program to terminate abnormally or Crash (run-time errors) A program may run, but produce incorrect results, perhaps using an incorrect formula (logical errors) Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Problem Solving The purpose of writing a program is to solve a problem Solving a problem consists of multiple activities understand the problem design a solution consider alternatives and refine the solution implement the solution <> Code! test the solution <> Run the code on known data These activities are not purely linear – they overlap and interact Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Problem Solving The key to designing a solution is breaking it down into manageable pieces When writing software, we design separate pieces that are responsible for certain parts of the solution An object-oriented approach lends itself to this kind of solution decomposition We will dissect our solutions into pieces called objects and classes Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Development Activities Any proper software development effort consists of four basic development activities establishing the requirements <> The problem statement creating a design <> what classes and objects will I need, what data will they store (attributes) and how will they interact (methods) implementing the design <> write the code testing These steps also are never purely linear and often overlap and interact Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Development Activities Software requirements specify what a program must accomplish Requirements are expressed in a document called a functional specification A software design indicates how a program will accomplish its requirements Implementation is the process of writing the source code that will solve the problem Testing is the act of ensuring that a program will solve the intended problem given all of the constraints under which it must perform Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Object-Oriented Programming Java is an object-oriented programming language As the term implies, an object is a fundamental entity in a Java program Objects can be used effectively to represent real- world entities For instance, an object might represent a particular employee in a company Each employee object handles the processing and data management related to that employee Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Objects An object has state - descriptive characteristics (attributes) behaviors - what it can do (or what can be done to it) (methods) The state of a bank account includes its account number and its current balance The behaviors associated with a bank account include the ability to make deposits and withdrawals Note that the behavior of an object might change its state Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Classes An object is defined by a class A class is the blueprint of an object The class uses methods to define the behaviors of the object The class that contains the main method of a Java program represents the entire program A class represents a concept, and an object represents the embodiment of that concept Class  faculty ; Objects  Tony Gauvin, Ray Albert Multiple objects can be created from the same class Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Classes and Objects A class is like a blueprint from which you can create many of the "same" house with different characteristics Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Classes and Objects An object is encapsulated, protecting the data it manages One class can be used to derive another via inheritance Classes can be organized into hierarchies Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase

Classes and Objects Java Foundations, 3rd Edition, Lewis/DePasquale/Chase