Irradiation Test of the Spartan-6 Muon Port Card Mezzanine Devices Under Test XCF32P PROM XC6SLX150T FPGA

Firmware for the FPGA Test ■ Two pipeline chains, 16-bit wide and 20,000 steps deep ■ Pseudo-Random Bit Stream Generators as data sources ■ Only the Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB) and Flip-flops (FF) are used (close to realistic MPC firmware), running at 40MHz ■ ~22% of the FPGA resources used (~19% for the present MPC design) ■ Common reset ■ Error signal is counted externally by the Agilent 53132A counter ■ LVDS link (~8 m long) between the MPC residing in the irradiation area and the counter in the control room ● 4 JTAG lines ● Error signal ● Hard reset to reload the FPGA from EPROM 2

MPC Under Beam at UC Davis ■ 66 MeV proton accelerator at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, UC Davis ■ Wide range of beam fluxes typically from 104 to 109 p/cm2 /s 3

Xilinx XC6SLX150T-3FFG900C FPGA Tests ■ Irradiated with 1 kRad at a rate of ~1 Rad/sec (convenient to detect SEU) ● 75 Single Event Upsets (SEU): - Counter counts +1 (most errors) [Bit flip in the pipeline chain; self-recoverable] - Counter counts continuously - Counter jumps to some large number, then counts +1 - Counter freezes at some point [Pipeline chain or reset circuitry is broken; need to reload the FPGA from EPROM] ● 5 to 15 seconds between SEU ● Average dose to get an error ~13 Rad. With the accumulated fluence of 3*1011 protons/cm2, the cross section of SEU is 75 / 3x1011 = 2.5x10-9 cm2 . ● Assuming 10-year fluence of ~1011 neutrons per cm2 [1] at full LHC design luminosity, the worst case SEU rate would be 2.5x10-9 cm2 x 1011 neutrons/cm2 / 5x107 sec = 5x10-6, or 1 SEU in ~ 55 hours per device [1] http://cmsdoc.cern.ch/~huu/tut1.pdf ■ Irradiated with 30 kRad at a rate 80 Rad/sec (10 years of LHC exposure in the ME1/1 area with a safety factor 3) ● Many upsets ● FPGA survived the test ■ Irradiated with 100 kRad at a rate of 360 Rad/sec ■ Irradiated with ~300 Rad at a rate of ~1 Rad/sec again (repeat of first test) ● 50 SEU in 5 minutes ● Average dose to get an error ~6 Rad, ~2 times higher than in test 1 ● FPGA is fully functional 4

Xilinx XCF32P EPROM Test ■ Irradiated with 1 MeV equivalent fluence at ~10.5 *1012 n/cm2 at the TAMU cyclotron in April 2013 ■ Equivalent to ~30kRad, or 30 years of LHC exposure in ME1/1 area ■ Device was read back; not a single bit change, as expected 5