BELLWORK: November 13th Describe the British task force. Include air, land and sea forces. What was the TEZ? How did this contribute to Britain’s war strategy?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The U.S.A. and WWII. The key to victory for the U.S.A. in WWII would depend on their ability to produce enough weapons to defeat Japan and Germany. Luckily......
Advertisements

BELLWORK 1.To what extent were Galtieri & Thatcher pressured by other generals/leaders to go to war over the Falklands? 2.Describe Argentina’s naval plan.
Essential Question Which events brought the United States into World War II? Which events brought the United States into World War II?
DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM
Proportionality in Jus ad Bellum The Falklands/Malvinas Case.
C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The AMERICAN REVOLUTION Section 1: The Revolution Begins Section 2: Declaring Independence.
Quiz! 1. What countries were most affected during the Falkland war? Answer: Speculation broke out to the U.S that we had broken the Rio treaty (Inter-American.
BATTLE FOR BRITAIN Mallory and Caroline. GERMAN DOMINATION  “ The whole fury and might of the enemy may very soon be turned on us now” –Winston Churchhill.
The Cuban Missile Crisis: What happened? SWBAT: IDENTIFY THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS. HOMEWORK: “FILL IN THE FOLLOWING GAPS” ON THE BACK.
Overview Understand the evolution of military aviation from the end of the Vietnam War to Operation Desert Storm Comprehend the changes to United States.
Falkland War 1982 By: Katrina Rue, Chanelle Harold and Sydney Oquendo.
BELLWORK Describe Argentina’s advantages in the Falklands War.
 What is the general history of the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands?  What was the political and economic situation in Argentina in 1981?  What was the.
BELLWORK With regards to WWI vs. WWII, list one similarity and one difference between their……… Political effects Economic effects Germany’s loss Fighting.
Semester 2 Week 2.  Neither Petain nor Hitler anticipated the bravery of the British people or the spirit of their leader, Winston Churchill, who had.
 Nationalism… Prior to 1982 most British would not have been able to find the Falklands on a map, Argentines, from childhood, learn about Las Malvinas.
War Begins p War Begins  September 1, 1939, Hitler sent his armies into Poland.
Falklands/ Malvinas War- UK By: Cristian, Aliyah, Lisa, Corinne, Micaela, and Sofia.
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY: THE FALKLAND ISLANDS By: Caleb, Donald, Haley, Josh, and Michael.
THE EARLY BATTLES Chapter 20, Section 2 By Thomas Parsons Learning Targets: 1.) Describe and explain the Japanese Island hopping campaign and its effect.
The Korean War Conflict in Korea Before WWII, the Korean peninsula had been conquered by ________. Before WWII, the Korean peninsula had been.
The Korean War Conflict in Korea Before WWII, the Korean peninsula had been conquered by Japan. Before WWII, the Korean peninsula had been.
Chapter 24 Section 2 From Neutrality to WAR.. Woodrow Wilson  1914 – U.S. policy of neutrality The United States is an Immigrant nation. There were large.
GERMAN AGGRESSION IN WW2 _____ – Hitler re-arms Germany _______________ limited Germany’s army Hitler openly began building up the military US, Britain.
BELLWORK: September 25th
The War in the Pacific Ch 20.2.
Pearl Harbor Raid 7 December 1941.
BELLWORK: Block 2 Describe air warfare/strategies used in the Falklands. Include weapon/tech advances! Describe how war was fought on land in the Falklands.
North South War Strategies
The Cold War Expands H-SS – Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including.
Ch 15 sec 4 The Korean War.
Turning Points in World War II
-The Tet Offensive of
BELLWORK: January 31st To what extent were Galtieri & Thatcher pressured by other generals/leaders to go to war over the Falklands? Who did the U.S. side.
BELLWORK How did Saddam justify his invasion of Kuwait?
The Falklands War The Falklands War occurred during the Cold War period but did not have ties to the Cold War The issue at stake was control of the.
World War I and the United States.
BELLWORK To what extent were Galtieri & Thatcher pressured by other generals/leaders to go to war over the Falklands? Describe Argentina’s plan to take.
Beginning of World War II
The AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Winning World War II: Important Allied Victories
WWII in Europe and the Pacific
Reasons for World War II
World War II Part #4 – In the Pacific
Unit 7: World War II and Postwar America (1931 – 1960)
a. k. a. The June War Cameron Fish, Joe Cullen, Andrei Enache Period 5
BELLWORK: 11/8 Today we are going to begin our study of “limited wars” with a case study of the Falklands/Malvina War. To begin, read “The Global Context”
Word Scramble BUAC STROAC GUARS YBA FO GPSI SILEMSI
End of the Civil War Let’s finish this up..
Turning Points in World War II
Hitler takes over Europe
Please put your phones in the hotel
BELLWORK: 11/17 List three effects of the Falklands War for Argentina.
How was the War of Independence fought?
WWII in Europe and the Pacific
BELLWORK 4/9: “A World War” (pg. 651)
The Korean War And The Suez Crisis
Unit 7: Notes #7 War in the Pacific
World War I: A New Kind of War
The War of 1812 Chapter 10 Lesson 4.
Weapons of the Great War
Americans Join the Allies
Weapons of the Great War
Total War in Europe:
Philippines (U.S. Possession)
Major Battles of WWII.
Chapter 16 Section 2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign
World War 2 Begins.
Battle of Britain & The London Blitz
Reviewing Key Battles for WWII
Presentation transcript:

BELLWORK: November 13th Describe the British task force. Include air, land and sea forces. What was the TEZ? How did this contribute to Britain’s war strategy? What was Britain’s biggest strength? Weakness? Describe Argentina’s task force. Include air, land and sea forces. To what extent did Argentina’s war strategy rely on assumptions? What was Argentina’s biggest strength? Weakness? THINKER: After the initial invasion, Britain responded by assembling a massive task force within 5 days (even though they were in the middle of military cutbacks). It was very important for PM Thatcher to publicize the movement of this task force….why?

Britain Argentina Advantages/ Strengths (Include weapon advances)   Britain Argentina Advantages/ Strengths (Include weapon advances) Disadvantages/ Weaknesses Goals Strategies (Include specific war plans)

HOMEWORK Read and annotate the “operations” section of the Falklands War! Pages 50-53

British Task Force 65 ships 2 aircraft carriers were key Rest of ships would be stationed in Falklands Sound 7,000 troops Army Regulars Royal Marines (trained in amphibious landings & night fighting) 42 planes All carrier-born; 1/3 the size of Argentina Helicopters increased mobility once on the islands Relied on Ascension Island to re-group and re-fuel (U.S. owned airstrip on island) Enforced the TEZ (What was the TEZ? How did it contribute to Britain’s war strategy?) Highly publicize movement of task force…..why???

Why did Britain want to publicize the movement of their task force?

The cover of Newsweek magazine, 19 April 1982, depicts HMS Hermes, flagship of the British Task Force

Key locations in the Task Force’s logistic chain

**Britain’s invasion force would be stationed in the Falkland Sound in order to establish a base at San Carlos and launch land operations.

HMS Invincible in the South Atlantic

A British Sea Harrier plane on the deck of the HMS Invincible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShvcULmHYlo

BELLWORK: 11/15 Explain the sinking of the General Belgrano. Why was this a turning point in the war? How did it change strategy? How were foreign powers/groups involved in the conflict? (Include U.S., U.N, & O.A.S.) THINKER: Who do you think is most at fault for the outbreak of war in the Falklands? Was there anything that could have been done to prevent this war from escalating?

Britain’s Strengths vs. Weaknesses

Argentine Task Force Navy could operate in all aspects of naval warfare – submarine, surface & air Strong Air Force 120 aircraft (quality mixed) French-made Mirage III and Super Etendards (speed) Exocets (anti-ship missiles) Strategy depended on their strengths – air power and geography Land forces – 13,000 men (10k in Stanley), but weapons limited Arms embargo (due to “dirty war”)

Argentine War Plans Est. presence on S. Georgia To what extent did Argentina’s war strategy rely on assumptions? Est. presence on S. Georgia Launch full scale amphibious invasion (ground forces would est. defensive positions in hills of Stanley) Launch air/naval attacks (Exocets) on British ships at sea & in Falklands Sound (destroy British task force!) Maintain a naval & air presence around the Falklands Changed after Belgrano sank!

Mario Menendez: Argentine General; came to Falklands to become governor

Argentine Air Force Plans FAA pilots plan during the war Argentine Air Force: (Fuerza Aérea Argentina; FAA) Due to the distance required to fly to the islands, two minutes was the average time FAA attack aircraft had available in the target area.

FAA primarily used French-made Super Étendard jets (could fire French-made Exocet missiles)

Exocet Missiles French for “flying fish” Missile is initially computer-guided and turns on active radar late in flight to find and hit its target. Its rocket motor gives the Exocet a maximum range of 110 miles. As a countermeasure against air defense around the target, it stays only 5-7 ft. above sea surface. This means that the target may not detect an oncoming attack until the missile is 4 miles from impact. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CV8sI6BRF_o

HMS Sheffield

Argentina’s Strengths vs. Weaknesses

General Belgrano

British Justification The TEZ was stated to be "...without prejudice to the right of the United Kingdom to take whatever additional measures may be needed in exercise of its right of self-defense”, under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter

What did the O.A.S. declare with regards to the outbreak of war? Supported Argentina Problematic for U.S. who was also in N.A.T.O w/ UK Rio Pact of 1947: An attack on one OAS state = attack on all! OAS ordered resolution that denounced Britain and called for an end to hostilities  U.S. abstained – saw Argentina as the aggressor

How did the U.N. get involved in the Falklands conflict?

Foreign Involvement in the Falklands Role of the UN Role of the US Attempted to find negotiated peace Britain supported by Security Council Resolution 502 called for end to hostilities and Argentine withdrawal (did not take action when broken) Ceasefire resolution supported by 9 countries; vetoed by GB Britain was key to Cold War alliance Airstrip on Ascension Island used as a base Supplied Britain with aviation fuel & missiles Secretary of State Haig attempted arbitration Supported their veto in the UN

Who did the U.S. side with? Why? “I knew of the enormous admiration that Mr. Reagan had for Mrs. Thatcher, and the similar views that they had on many subjects. I never really had any doubt … basically, there was a trust and a friendship, personal friendship as well as professional friendships, all the way along the line. Certainly, the admiration that President Reagan had for Mrs. Thatcher, I would have found it almost inconceivable that in the final analysis, he would not have supported Britain in this situation.” Secretary of Defense Weinberger

March 19, 1982: group of marines (posing as scrap metal merchants) raised Argentine flag over South Georgia April 2, 1982: Argentina sent troops & occupied the Falklands April 3: UN Resolution 502 demands withdrawal of all forces; GB announces task force to be sent to reclaim islands April 28: Britain establishes a TEZ May 2: Britain sinks Argentine battle cruiser General Belgrano killing 323 (importance?) As UN diplomatic talks broke down, it was clear there was no turning back! Neither side officially declared war, but come on….. Obviously!!!

THINKER: Who do you think is most at fault for the outbreak of war in the Falklands? Was there anything that could have been done to prevent this war from escalating?

20th Century Battlefields: Falklands (BBC) As we watch the video, take notes on: Important Events (battles, ships, turning points, etc.) Strategies Used New weapons/technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3sZMYfcu6s

BELLWORK: November 16th To what extent were Galtieri & Thatcher pressured by other generals/leaders to go to war over the Falklands? Describe how war was fought on land in the Falklands (Include the key battles of Goose Green & Stanley)

Pressure on Galtieri Admiral Jorge Anaya was the driving force in the Junta's decision to invade Never believed the UK would respond militarily. Their goal: mobilize Argentines' patriotic feelings towards the islands and thus divert public attention from the country's economic problems and the regime's ongoing human rights violations

Pressure on Thatcher First Sea Lord Admiral Sir Henry Leach assured the Prime Minister he could have a task force ready in 48 hours. Guaranteed a victory! Thatcher worried the public/press would demand an immediate response.

Why didn’t Thatcher settle this dispute diplomatically?

Air warfare/strategies

Land Strategies

Britain’s Invasion of the Falklands British supply ship Atlantic Conveyor entered San Carlos Bay on May 5 carrying the helicopters and troops needed to get to Stanley. Two Argentine aircraft released Exocets aimed at two British frigates The frigates fired up metal foil to confuse the missiles’ radar Instead, the Exocets picked up a new target…Atlantic Conveyor Missiles sunk the ship and destroyed all helicopters on board British now forced to walk four days to the capital (open to attack) carrying 120 pounds of gear Split their ground forces into 2: 500 for “morale boost” at Goose Green 2,000 to re-capture the capital of Stanley

Britain's invasion of the Falklands – split into 2: Goose Green Stanley

British Night Fighting British forces trained to fight in night as effectively as day This was effective against defended targets and open terrain Key was consistent communication and continual movement!

Key Land Battles Goose Green Stanley Capital of the Falklands Main British force of 2,000 men Attack over 2 nights Troops land & launch 3-prong attack to surround hills around city Move on city while 30 seek higher ground to force Arg. retreat Success! Argentina loses will to fight and surrenders! Strategic Port with air strip 500 Brits move South to achieve “morale boost” Plan: attack air field in dark and take settlement by day Argentina: defensive position on hills – surround British with artillery and mine fields Britain out in open – no cover & vulnerable Air support arrives and bombs Argentina’s defensive positions Britain threatens to try Argentina for civilian deaths if fighting continued

Britain wins Stanley! Argentine POW’s in Stanley Confiscated Argentine Weapons

20th Century Battlefields: Falklands (BBC) As we watch the video, take notes on: Important Events (battles, ships, turning points, etc.) Strategies Used New weapons/technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPab6Hhk9Rw

Ending/Effects of the Falklands War (54-55)

Historical Role Play Group A: Advisers to General Galtieri advocating FOR war over the Falklands Group B: Advisers to General Galtieri advocating AGAINST war over the Falklands Group C: Advisers to Margaret Thatcher arguing FOR war over the Falklands Group D: Advisers to Margaret Thatcher arguing AGAINST war over the Falklands You need to prepare a brief presentation/speech/statement on your viewpoint Your presentation should be review! Focus on actual arguments and events leading up to the Falklands War.

What do YOU think? Which viewpoint do you agree with? Who should be blamed for the conflict? Why couldn’t this dispute be settled diplomatically? Were there any alternatives?