Ground water measurement using cosmic ray air shower

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Presentation transcript:

Ground water measurement using cosmic ray air shower A. Taketa ERI, UTokyo 2018/9/18 MNR2013

How we measure ground water Direct sampling Local information Difficult to measure time variation Electro magnetic survey Resistivity measurement Need a lot of hypothesis to get water contents Reflection (GPL, artificial seismic wave) Water head Water level of wells Water pressure Gravity and its deviation Cannot distinguish large+far or small+near Radiography! But… 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Muon radiography for small scale is difficult 20m w. eq. 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Radiographies There are missing ranges! Oscillation Polarization Photon(X-ray) muon neutrino Photography Muography Neutrinography Air shower (Electro- magnetic component) The holy grail of geophysics Polarization EM field Spin Magnetism Oscillation 0.1 　 1 10 102　　 103 　　104 　　 105 106 m 2018/9/18 MNR2013

What is the air shower? The entrance of the factory? Cosmic ray collides to atmospheric nuclei Generates secondaries Secondaries collide to atmospheric nuclei These secondaries are called as “air shower” Air shower consists of hard component (muons) and soft component (electro-magnetic) 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Before AS radiography … Particle identification required It’s difficult for individual particle we need CMS or ATLAS 90% particles in air shower is the soft component Lateral distribution of soft component and of hard component are different Take coincident particle → 90% Measure lateral distribution → 99% (statistically) 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Discrimination power (MC result, ΔT<100ns, r<1m) 20m w. eq. 2018/9/18 MNR2013

What we can do：ground water stream Rainfall disturbs gravitymeter and tiltmeter Variation of the total mass of the mountain Underground water stream How can we compensate it? Difficult for muon radiography (10m scale) EM component is suitable for this range Observation vault 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Observation point Mt. Sakurajima 　　　　　　　　　 soil 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 rock Blid. Pit inside Grav. meter 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Detector 1 unit 2 scintillator (100 x 7 x 2 ) 2 PMT + attenuator 20cm 20 20 1 unit 2 scintillator (100 x 7 x 2 ) 2 PMT + attenuator take coincidence 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Observation result (9days average) 30cm w. eq. 20% uncertainty 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Water tank calibration 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Converted to density length(9 days average) Bin size , delay 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Hill scale hydrological process Asano and Uchida., 2005　Environmental . Pollutution. 2018/9/18 MNR2013

Conclusion and prospect I applied AS radiography to Hydrology Detector upgrading Funded  2018/9/18 MNR2013