Chapter 5: Server Installation

Learning Objectives Make installation, hardware, and site-specific preparations to install Windows 2000 Server Install Windows 2000 Server using different methods, including from a CD-ROM, from the installation disks, over a network, unattended, and from another operating system

Learning Objectives (continued) Go through a Windows 2000 Server installation step by step, and test the installation Upgrade a Windows NT server and domain Create an emergency repair disk

Learning Objectives (continued) Install a service pack Troubleshoot installation problems and uninstall Windows 2000 Server

Installation Preparations Preliminary steps: Information about what hardware components are installed Determination of which file system to use Creation of an Administrator account Name of the server An installed NIC Determine which protocols to install

Example Hardware Components Information Form

Example Hardware Components Information Form (continued)

Note Specifics of Driver Screenshot of hardware device (Ctrl-Alt-PrtScrn)

Troubleshooting Tip Record the BIOS setup information and save it for later troubleshooting in the event that the computer’s battery is defective or in case you need it to restore one or more BIOS settings Try f1 on gateway during gateway screen on boot A lot of systems tell how to get into setup at the beginning of the boot, e.g. “Hit DEL to enter setup

Sample BIOS Setup Screen Note Boot Order Figure 5-1 BIOS setup screen

Troubleshooting Tip Obtain the latest device drivers before you start the installation, such as those for the NIC, HAL.dll (for SMP computers), SCSI adapters, CD-ROM drives, RAID arrays Check device site for latest drivers I suggest you let Win2K install its default, then a later time install newer drivers

Make Important Decisions in Advance How to partition the disk or disks What file system(s) to use What to name the server What password to use for the Administrator account What protocols to use What licensing method to use Whether to make the server a DC (Domain Controller)

Decide Whether to Set Up a Dual Boot System Other systems that can reside on the same server as Windows 2000 Server include MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, and Windows 98 If you decide this, you are limited to a FAT partition

Partitioning If you create FAT and NTFS partitions, create the FAT partition before you start (or leave an existing FAT partition if you create a dual boot system) You cannot see NTFS systems from a FAT booted system

Boot.ini File The Boot.ini file on the system partition contains information about the location of both operating systems in a dual boot configuration

2 sections: boot and Operating systems that can be started Sample Boot.ini File Figure 5-2 Boot.ini file 2 sections: boot and Operating systems that can be started

Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) pathname multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect Operating system is is a folder \WINNT multi(0) on a non-scsi disk installed (always has the value 0) disk(0) (always 0 for non-scsi) rdisk(0) on first disk on the channel path. 1 for second disk 2 for third disk, 3 for forth disk partition(1) in partition 1 multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2) \WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect rdisk(1) on second disk on the channel path. partition(2) in partition 2 scsi(1)disk(2)rdisk(0)partition(1) \WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect scsi(0) scsi id = 1 disk(2) third disk in the scsi chain rdisk(0)

FAT Partitions Windows 2000 will format a 2 GB or smaller partition as FAT16 and a partition larger than 2 GB as FAT32

Server Naming Use a name that is easy to type No to NJrt1242 Make the name descriptive of the server’s function or of the organization NCOMPRIME Select a name that is easy to remember and use Make sure the name is not already used on the network

Administrator Password Use a “strong” or difficult-to-guess password for the critical Administrator account Characteristics of a strong password: Over seven characters long Has a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols m1ch@el m!cha3l Includes at least one symbol in characters two through six

Protocol Selection Consider using the default TCP/IP setup as a starting point and add other protocols later as needed

Licensing Methods Per server licensing: A server software license based on the maximum number of clients that log on to the server at one time Per seat licensing: A server software license that requires that there be enough licenses for all network client workstations

Initial Server Installation Standalone server: A server that is not a member of a domain, but that is a member of an existing workgroup or that establishes its own workgroup, such as in peer-to-peer networking Member server: A server that is a member of an existing Windows 2000 domain, but that does not function as a domain controller (Either type of server can be later set up as a domain controller)

Installation Options CD-ROM only Floppy disk and CD-ROM Network installation Installation from an existing operating system Unattended installation

Installation Programs Use Winnt.exe from scratch (installation disks or CD-ROM) and from computers already booted from MS-DOS or Windows 3.x Use Winnt32.exe from computers already booted from Windows 95/98, Windows NT, or Windows 2000 (for an upgrade)

Command-line Switches for Winnt

Command-line Switches for Winnt (continued)

Command-line Switches for Winnt32

Command-line Switches for Winnt32 (continued) Debug Log

Command-line Switches for Winnt32 (continued)

Command-line Switches for Winnt32 (continued)

CD-ROM Installation Set the computer’s BIOS to boot first from CD-ROM Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM Turn the computer off and then back on (you may need to press Enter to boot from CD-ROM) After Winnt.exe starts, follow the instructions on the screen

Floppy Disk and CD-ROM Installation Set the BIOS to boot first from drive A: Power off the computer Insert Setup Disk #1 and the CD-ROM Turn on the computer, booting from the Setup Disk #1 After Winnt.exe starts, insert Setup Disk #2 and follow the on-screen instructions

Making Copies of the Setup Disk Format 4 floppy disks Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM Click Start and then click Run Enter the drive letter of the CD-ROM and the path \bootdisk\makebt32.exe Click OK Follow the on-screen instructions

Network Installation Copy the installation files from the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM which are in the folder \I386 Share the host’s folder and set appropriate permissions Map the host’s shared folder from the target server computer Run Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe from the shared folder Follow the on-screen instructions

Installation from an Existing Operating System Boot the computer to use its existing operating system Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM Click Start, click Run, enter the drive letter of the CD-ROM and the path to the Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe file, such as \I386\winnt32 plus any switches D:\ENGLISH\WIN2000\SERVER\I386> Follow the on-screen instructions

Installation Tip If you install Windows 2000 from MS-DOS, you can reduce the installation time from several hours to under an hour if you start the SMARTDRIVE utility before running Winnt.exe

Unattended Installation Over the Network Create an answer file using Setup Manager or Notepad Use the /s and /u (or /unattend) switches to specify the location of the installation files and of the answer file such as: Winnt32 /s:\\mainserver\I386 /unattend:unattend.txt Use a uniqueness database and the /UDF switch to further customize the unattended installation

Unattended Installation via CD-ROM An alternative to a unattended network installation is to create an answer file to use along with booting via the CD-ROM, but name the file, Winnt.sif

Creating Duplicate Unattended Installations Use Sysprep.exe to clone computers that have the same hardware configuration Use Syspart.exe to clone computers that have different hardware configurations

Installation Troubleshooting Tip If Setup starts, but does not find mass storage, restart the installation, press F6 as soon as possible and load the manufacturer’s driver (such as for a SCSI adapter) If Setup does not start because you are using an SMP computer, restart the installation, press F5, and provide the computer manufacturer’s Hal.dll

Installation Part 1 When the Windows Setup starts, it inspects the computer hardware and loads drivers and then presents a screen on which to press Enter to start the installation

Installation Part 1 (continued) Figure 5-3 Beginning setup options

Installation Part 1 (continued) Read the licensing agreement and press F8 Select the partitioned or unpartitioned disk space on which to install Windows 2000

Installation Part 1 (continued) Figure 5-4 Detecting partitions

Installation Part 1 (continued) Select the file system to use, FAT or NTFS Setup automatically checks the disks, copies files, and reboots into the graphical mode

Quick Quiz You have a 1 GB partition that you want to format for FAT. What version of FAT will Windows 2000 use to format this partition? Answer: FAT16 The ___________________ file contains information about the location of both operating systems in a dual-boot system. Answer: Boot.ini When the ARC path starts with multi(), this means that Answer: the operating system is located on a non-SCSI or on a SCSI disk with the BIOS enabled .  The password auto!2#rank is an example of a _____________________ password. Answer: strong   Which Winnt32.exe command enables you to create a log from which to analyze installation problems? Answer: /debug level:file

Installation Part 2 Setup gathers and verifies information about the computer, such as the keyboard and pointing device Setup next enables you to configure regional and keyboard settings, such as the language that you use

Installation Part 2 (continued) Enter your name and the name of your organization Enter the product key which is obtained from the back of the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM jewel case

Installation Part 2 (continued) Figure 5-5 Name and organization information

Installation Part 2 (continued) Select the licensing mode Enter the name of the server and the Administrator account’s password Select the Windows 2000 components to install

Installation Part 2 (continued) Figure 5-6 Windows 2000 components

Installation Part 2 (continued) If there is an installed modem, provide the Modem Dialing information Verify the date and time Select the network configuration option, such as Typical settings in order to install TCP/IP Specify whether the computer will start off in a workgroup or domain (if in a domain, provide the account and password)

Installation Part 2 (continued) Wait for Setup to install components and files and then click Finish

Installation Part 2 (continued) Figure 5-7 Installing components

Log On and Test the Server Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, enter Administrator as the account name, and enter the Administrator password you specified during the installation Look for the Windows 2000 Configure Your Server dialog box, which provides one method for continuing to configure the server

Configure Your Server Tool Figure 5-8 Configuration dialog box

Testing the Desktop Icons Test the desktop icons and other preliminary functions of the server

Figure 5-9 Windows 2000 Desktop

Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Server and Domain Coordinate a time for the upgrade Backup each server that will be upgraded Upgrade the PDC first Upgrade the BDCs one at a time Upgrade using Winnt32

Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Server and Domain (continued) Select the Upgrade to Windows 2000 (recommend) option Follow the directions in the Windows 2000 Setup

Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Server and Domain (continued) Figure 5-10 Selecting the upgrade option

Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Server and Domain (continued) When the Active Directory Wizard starts, specify if you want to join an existing domain tree or forest, or start a new one Establish the appropriate default domain and other group policies Convert the domain to native mode after the last BDC is upgraded and there are no more Windows NT servers

Troubleshooting Tip Create an emergency repair disk for each newly installed or upgraded server Update the emergency repair disk every time you implement an important change on a server, such as after installing new hardware, drivers, and software

Troubleshooting Installation Problems The first step is to avoid problems through your advanced preparations Purchase components listed on the HCL Test all hardware before you start the installation Run the computer’s diagnostics before starting Run a comprehensive test of the hard disk before starting

Troubleshooting a Windows 2000 Server Setup

Troubleshooting a Windows 2000 Server Setup (continued)

Troubleshooting a Windows 2000 Server Setup (continued)

Service Packs Check Microsoft’s Web site for the latest information about service packs and the option to download them For more control, install service packs using the Update command

Windows Service Pack Update Switches

Uninstalling Windows 2000 Server Backup the server files Use the disk management utilities in the new operating system to delete the Windows 2000 partition, re-partition the drive, and format it (or start a Windows 2000 installation and delete the partition via Windows 2000 Setup) Install the new operating system

Chapter Summary Before you install Windows 2000 Server, make sure the computer’s components are on the HCL Make decisions in advance about how to complete the installation options, such as how to partition the disk and what file system to use

Chapter Summary Use the appropriate installation option, such as installing from CD-ROM, from the installation diskettes, over the network, from another operating system, or unattended Make an emergency repair disk after you finish the installation

KeyTerms answer file – A text file that contains a complete set of instructions for installing Windows 2000 in the unattended mode. basic input/output system (BIOS) – A program on a read-only or flash memory chip that establishes basic communications with components such as the monitor and disk drives. The advantage of a flash chip is that you can update the BIOS. client access license (CAL) – A license to enable a workstation to connect to Windows 2000 Server as a client. dual-boot system – A computer set up to boot from two or more different operating systems, such as Windows 2000 Server and MS-DOS. emergency repair disk (ERD) – A disk that contains repair, diagnostic, and backup information for use in case there is a problem with Windows 2000. format – An operation that divides a disk into small sections called tracks and sectors for storage of files.

KeyTerms Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) – A set of program routines that enable an operating system to control a hardware component, such as the processor, from within the operating system kernel. member server – A server that is a member of an existing Windows 2000 domain, but that does not function as a domain controller. partition – A process in which a hard disk section or a complete hard disk is set up for use by an operating system. A disk can be formatted after it is partitioned. per seat licensing – A server software license that requires that there be enough licenses for all network client workstations. per server licensing – A server software license based on the maximum number of clients that log onto the server at one time. slip streaming – Installing only a specific portion of a service pack instead of the entire update. standalone server – A server that is not a member of a domain, but that is a member of an existing workgroup or that establishes its own workgroup, such as in peer-to-peer networking. uniqueness database file (UDF) – A text file that contains an answer set of unique instructions for installing Windows 2000 in the unattended mode and that is used with an answer file.