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Chapter 6 Connecting Listening and Thinking in the Communication Process Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Task of Listening Listening Hearing Cognitive activity is defined as the active process of receiving , constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or nonverbal messages. Hearing The passive physiological process in which sound is received by the ear. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Importance of Effective Listening Decreases misunderstandings Improves personal, professional, and financial situation Enhances performance in school Improves relationships

Stages of Listening The Hearing Stage The Understanding Stage Physiological process The Understanding Stage Comprehension The Remembering Stage Recalling Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Stages of Listening Cont'd The Interpreting Stage Understanding the meaning and letting the speaker know that you understand. The Evaluating Stage Analyzes the evidence, sorts fact from opinion, determines the intent of the speaker, judges the accuracy of statements and conclusions. The Responding Stage: Sending Feedback Storing memory Picture sent to me by a former student teaching now in Japan. Has given me permission to use it in any way I see fit Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Stages (Continued) The Thinking Stage Listening as a Cognitive Construct Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Memory Working Memory Long-Term Memory Repetition Association Chunking Logical Patterns Long-Term Memory Association Categorization Mediation Imagery Mnemonics

Whole Brain Model Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Our Four Different Selves Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Functions of Listening Listening to Obtain Information Listening to Evaluate Listening with Empathy Listening for Enjoyment Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Barriers to Effective Listening Considering the Topic or Speaker Uninteresting Criticizing the Speaker Instead of the Message Concentrating on Details, Not Main Ideas Avoiding Difficult Listening Situations Tolerating or Failing to Adjust to Distractions Faking Attention Bias and Prejudice Preferred Thinking Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Critical Listening and Critical Thinking Accuracy of the message Critical Thinking Ability to analyze and assess information Assessing the Speaker’s Motivation Judging the Accuracy of the Speaker’s Conclusions Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Improving Listening Competence Recognize the importance of listening effectively. Think of listening as an active process. A willingness to work and a desire to improve are essential to increase listening effectiveness. Behave like a good listener. Ask questions to clarify information. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Listening and Technology Can be used as a tool if used effectively Increase in the use of computer-enhanced presentations Digital literacy Set of attitudes, understanding, and skills needed to handle and communicate information and knowledge effectively, in a variety of media and formats Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Listening and Technology: Cons It is easier to just HEAR the world around us rather than LISTEN when we include technology. Can make a more passive listening society rather than active listeners. Interferes with traditional communication by being a distraction. Overdependence on the use of technology for communication in all areas Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008

Intercultural Listening Listening is valued differently among cultures. Every culture teaches how one is expected to listen. Learning some of these differences can improve one’s overall listening skills in an increasingly global world. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.