Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others Beebe/Beebe/Redmond Presentation Prepared by: Jill Harms, Iowa State University Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4: Interpersonal Communication and Diversity: Adapting to Others This Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Objectives Describe five human differences that influence communication. Define culture and identify and describe the six dimensions of culture. List and describe barriers that inhibit effective intercultural communication. Identify and apply strategies for developing knowledge, motivation, and skills that can improve intercultural competence. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Strangers, people different from us, stir up fear, discomfort, suspicion, and hostility. They make us lose our sense of security just by being “other.” Henri J. M. Nouwen Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Diversity Almanac 2/3 of the immigrants on this planet come to the United States More than 30% of graduate assistants teaching in the universities in the United States are foreign born One out of every eight United States residents speaks a language other than English at home Non-Hispanic whites constitute a minority of the population in Texas, New Mexico, and California Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Diversity Almanac (Continued) Gay men make up from 1 to 9 percent of the general male population and lesbians make up from 1 to 5 percent of the general female population One in seven marriages occurs between spouses of different races or ethnicities Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Understanding Diversity: Describing Our Differences Sex and gender Sexual orientation Race and ethnicity Discrimination Age Social class Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary of Generational Characteristics Matures 1925-1942 work hard; have a sense of duty; willing to sacrifice; have a sense of what is right; work quickly Baby Boomers 1943-1960 value personal fulfillment and optimism; crusade for causes; buy now, pay later; support equal rights for all; work efficiently Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary of Generational Characteristics (Continued) Generation X 1961-1981 live with uncertainty; consider balance important; live for today; save; consider every job as a contract Millennials 1982-2002 close to their parents; feel “special”; are goal- oriented; are team- oriented; focus on achievement Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Understanding Culture: Dimensions of Our Mental Software Worldview Co-Culture Enculturation Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Understanding Culture: Dimensions of Our Mental Software (Continued) Individualism: One and many Context: High and low Gender: Masculine and feminine Uncertainty: High and low tolerance Power: Centralized and decentralized Time: Short-term and long-term Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intercultural Communication Communication between or among people who have different cultural traditions. Culture shock Wesley Roberts/Alamy Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication Ethnocentrism Different communication codes Stereotyping and prejudice Assuming similarities Assuming differences Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

How to Enhance the Quality of Online Intercultural Relationships Provide more explicit verbal references to your feelings and emotions Consider asking more questions than you normally would to clarify meanings and the interpretation of messages Use “small talk” to build a relationship Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

How to Enhance the Quality of Online Intercultural Relationships (Continued) Summarize and paraphrase messages that you receive to increase the accuracy of the message content Remember and respect the difference between your time zone and the other person’s time zone If you find a relationship is awkward or you notice an increase in conflict, use the richest medium you have Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intercultural Communication Competence Ability to adapt one’s behavior toward another in ways that are appropriate to the other person’s culture. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Are Human Emotions Universal? Pearson Education Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving Intercultural Communication Competence Develop knowledge Seek information Ask questions and listen effectively Create a “third culture” Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving Intercultural Communication Competence (Continued) Developing motivation: strategies to accept others Tolerate ambiguity Be mindful Avoid negative judgments Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving Intercultural Communication Competence (Continued) Develop skill Develop creative flexibility Become other-oriented Social decentering Empathy Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving Intercultural Communication Competence (Continued) Develop skill (continued) Appropriately adapt your communication Adapt Communication accommodation theory Adapt predictively Adapt reactively Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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