Energy Code Compliance Overview GBCI Approved Credit Hour – Course #0920007688 AIA Approved Credit LU|HSW – Course #HTS - ECCO By Brandon Damas Senior Account Manager at HTS P.E., HFDP, HBDP, BEMP, BEAP, LEED AP BD+C ASHRAE TC 9.06 (Healthcare Facilities) PCM ASHRAE TC 5.05 (Air-to-Air Energy Recovery) PCM ASHRAE 90.1 Mechanical Subcommittee Voting Member ASHRAE 90.1 Project Committee Voting Member Email: brandon.damas@hts.com Phone: 214-810-0273

Course Description This session will focus on complying with the energy code and how codes/standards are developed. There are three ways to show compliance under the current international codes and each option will be explored in more detail. Additionally, the main differences between ASHRAE 90.1-2013 and IECC 2015 will be discussed to give designers a better idea of which path is right for particular projects all while maintaining proper health, safety, and welfare of projects. Lastly, some common design interpretation questions and answers about the code or standard will be given.

Understand how codes and standards are developed Learning Objectives Understand how codes and standards are developed Learn changes between IECC-2012 and IECC-2015 Review compliance paths to meet the energy code Identify key differences between 90.1 and the IECC Learn common misconceptions when trying to show compliance to code

What is IECC? What is 90.1? Model Energy Codes International Energy Conservation Code is a building code created by the International Code Council (ICC) Used by many states and municipalities in their building codes What is 90.1? ASHRAE Standard 90.1 is a model energy standard created by ASHRAE Used by governing bodies as their energy code and is a compliance path within the IECC

Consensus code development process IECC Revised on 3 year cycles Consensus code development process Multiple members across North America 2015 is current version 2018 will be next version Picks up most of the changes from 90.1 from the previous version through online portal

Continuous maintenance code cycle 90.1 Revised on 3 year cycles Continuous maintenance code cycle Accredited by ANSI to follow standards 2016 is current version; 2019 will be next version Envelope, Format and Compliance, Lighting, Mechanical, and Energy cost budget (responsible for App G)

2013 goes into 2015 IECC, 2016 goes into 2018 IECC, etc. 90.1 90.1 standards committee uploads revisions in 90.1 to IECC for review and adoption 2013 goes into 2015 IECC, 2016 goes into 2018 IECC, etc. Efficiency changes have to be cost justified by modeling

90.1 Goal to show overall improved efficiency each cycle 110 addenda since 2010 Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Online Comment Database

Free Viewing of IECC and 90.1 http://codes.iccsafe.org/I-Codes.html https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/other-ashrae-standards-referenced-in-code

IECC-2012 vs IECC-2015 2012 2015 Roof Insulation above deck R-20 ci Metal buildings R-19 + R-11 LS Attic and Other R-38 Walls, Above Grade Mass R-7.6 ci R-13 + 6.5 ci Metal Framed R-13 + 7.5 ci Wood Framed R-13 + R-3.8 ci or R-20 Window U-factor Fixed U-0.46 Operable U-0.60 U-60 Entrance Doors U-0.77 Orientation SEWN SEW N SHGC PF < 0.2 0.25 0.33 0.2 ≤ PF < 0.5 0.30 0.37 PF ≥ 0.5 0.40 Maximum Fenestration Percentage 30% (40% with extra requirements) *Climate Zone 3 - not residential

IECC-2012 vs IECC-2015

IECC-2012 vs IECC-2015

IECC-2012 vs IECC-2015

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 The requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1. The requirements of Sections C402 through C405. In addition, commercial buildings shall comply with Section C406 and tenant spaces shall comply with Section C406.1.1. (Prescriptive path of IECC) The requirements of Sections C402.5, C403.2, C404, C405.2, C405.3, C405.4, C405.6 and C407. The building energy cost shall be equal to or less than 85 percent of the standard reference design building.

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C402.5 – Air Leakage – The thermal envelope of buildings shall comply with Sections C402.5.1 through C402.5.8, or the building thermal envelope shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 779 at a pressure differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa) or an equivalent method approved by the code official and deemed to comply with the provisions of this section when the tested air leakage rate of the building thermal envelope is not greater than 0.40 cfm/ft

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C403.2 – building mechanical systems requirements and 403.3 & 403.4 Table equipment efficiencies Controls Ventilation DCV Energy recover ventilation Kitchen exhaust Ductwork Insulation Fan horsepower

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C403.2 – building mechanical systems requirements and 403.3 & 403.4 Fan airflow control Hydronic control Boiler turndown Cooling towers and tower fans Multiple zones VAVs Fractional HP motors

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C404 – This section covers the minimum efficiency of, and controls for, service water-heating equipment and insulation of service hot water piping. C405.2 – Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as specified in Sections C405.2.1, C405.2.2, C405.2.3, C405.2.4 and C405.2.5. Occupant sensors Time switch Light reduction controls Daylighting Exterior lighting

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C405.3 – Exit signs Internally illuminated exit signs shall not be more than 5 watts per side.

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C405.4 – A building complies with this section where its total connected lighting power calculated under Section C405.4.1 is not greater than the interior lighting power calculated under Section C405.4.2. C405.4 – INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: BUILDING AREA METHOD Dormitory – 0.57 w/ft2 Hospital – 1.05 w/ft2 Hotel – 0.87 w/ft2 Office – 0.82 w/ft2

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C405.6 – Electrical energy consumption Each dwelling unit located in a Group R-2 building shall have a separate electrical meter. C407 – Total building performance Energy model for the building Energy cost of proposed building shall be equal to or less than 85 percent of the standard reference design building. Have to meet all electrical and lighting requirements in C405

How the Architect visualized it How the Engineer designed it How the project manager understood it What the budget allowed How Health & Safety wanted it What the Owner described When it was delivered How the contractor installed it What the Owner paid for What the Owner received How the project was documented What the Owner really needed

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013

Mandatory requirements – have to comply with no matter what IECC & 90.1 Terminology Mandatory requirements – have to comply with no matter what Prescriptive requirements – can comply with by meeting the prescriptive values or model performance to show compliance if you can’t meet those items

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Mandatory vs Prescriptive Mandatory requirements in IECC but prescriptive in 90.1 Fan efficiency grade (FEG 67 and within 15% peak efficiency) System fan power limit Exhaust air energy recovery Kitchen exhaust system requirements Exit sign limits

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 Solar reflectance - IECC requirements the same as 90.1 other than 90.1 allowing you to increase the roof insulation to meet the requirement Air barriers – IECC not required in climate zone 2B; 90.1 has this exception plus not required in semi-heated spaces in climate zones 1-6. Swinging door leakage – IECC = 0.20 CFM/ft2; 90.1 = 1.0 CFM/ft2 Vestibule exception – IECC doors open less than 3,000 square feet; 90.1 has this but also has other exceptions based on climate zones and square feet

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Insulation (3) Roof Insulation above deck R-25 ci Metal buildings R-19 + R-11 LS R-10 + R-19 FC Attic and Other R-38 Walls, Above Grade Mass R-7.6 ci R-13 + 6.5 ci R-0 + R-9.8 ci Metal Framed R-13 + 7.5 ci R-13 + R-5 ci Wood Framed R-13 + R-3.8 ci or R-20 R-13 Window U-factor Fixed U-0.46 U-0.50 Operable U-0.60 Entrance Doors U-0.77 Maximum Fenestration Percentage 30% (40% with extra requirements) 40% = more stringent requirement

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Economizer Fault Detection & Diagnostics IECC (Mandatory) Temperature sensor installed (OA, SA, and RA) Unit controller must indicate: Free cooling available. Economizer enabled. Compressor enabled. Heating enabled. Mixed air low limit cycle active. The current value of each sensor. 90.1 – not required Yet FDD System must detect: Air temperature sensor failure/fault. Not economizing when the unit should be economizing. Economizing when the unit should not be economizing. Damper not modulating. Excess outdoor air.

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Air Economizer IECC Exceptions Other than 1A or 1B <54,000 Btu/h and either: DX Coils Chilled water system capacity without economizer less than minimum specified in Table C403.3(1) 25% air humidified above 35°F dew point for process Systems that include a heat recovery system in accordance with Section C403.4.5. (Service water heating) Efficiency improvement in 2B, 3B, or 4B Waterside economizer 90.1 Exceptions Other than 1A or 1B <54,000 Btu/h Non particulate air treatment required by 62.1 75% air (hospitals & ASCs) and 25% in other buildings above 35°F dew point for process Efficiency >= improvement in table 6.5.1-3 (3A is 27%) Waterside economizer

Compliance Paths to Meet IECC-2015 C403.3 – Each cooling system shall include either an air or water economizer complying with Sections C403.3.1 through C403.3.4Table equipment efficiencies

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Additional Efficiency IECC - Buildings shall comply with at least one of the following More efficient HVAC performance in accordance with Section C406.2. (10% increased efficiency) Reduced lighting power density system in accordance with Section C406.3. (90% of LPD) Enhanced lighting controls in accordance with Section C406.4. (digital controls system and functional test) On-site supply of renewable energy in accordance with Section C406.5. Provision of a dedicated outdoor air system for certain HVAC equipment in accordance with Section C406.6. High-efficiency service water heating in accordance with Section C406.7.

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Equipment Efficiencies 90.1-2013 – Heat Pumps IECC is 12.0 IECC is 11.8 IECC is 9.4

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Equipment Efficiencies 90.1-2013 – Boilers IECC is 80% IECC is 80% IECC is 75% IECC is 80%

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Equipment Efficiencies 90.1-2013 – Chillers IECC the Same

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Equipment Efficiencies 90.1-2013 – Cooling Towers IECC the Same

IECC-2015 vs 90.1-2013 – Equipment Efficiencies 90.1-2013 – VRF IECC, no requirement, yet

Humor Break Q: Why did the engineers cross the road? A: Because they looked in the file and that's what they did last year. The optimist sees the glass as half full. The pessimist sees the glass as half empty. The engineer sees the glass with an appropriate safety factor. The architect presents that glass to the owner so they feel the glass is however full they need it to be.

90.1-2013 Additional Requirements

90.1-2013 Additional Requirements Automatic receptacle control At least 50% of all 125-volt 15- and 20-amp receptacles in all private offices, conference rooms, rooms used primarily for printing and/or copying functions, break rooms, classrooms, and individual workstations At least 25% of branch circuit feeders installed for modular furniture not shown on the construction documents Controlled shall function: a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns receptacles off at specific programmed times—an independent program schedule shall be provided for controlled areas of no more than 5000 ft2 and not more than one floor (the occupant shall be able to manually override the control device for up to two hours), an occupant sensor that shall turn receptacles off within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving a space, or an automated signal from another control or alarm system that shall turn receptacles off within 20 minutes after determining that the area is unoccupied.

90.1-2013 Additional Requirements Electrical Metering Installed in new buildings to monitor electrical energy for: Total electrical energy HVAC systems Interior lighting Exterior lighting Receptacle circuits Recording every 15 minutes and stored for 36 months

Common Compliance Questions Do you need economizer? Can you show compliance to 90.1 with your appendix G energy model? Is energy recovery actually required for all buildings? Can I simultaneously heat and cool? Do I really need to include all fan HP values in the fan HP limit? Really? Even exhaust fans?

Common Compliance Questions Do you need economizer? Depends. Are you planning on following 90.1 or IECC? What year? What climate zone are you in? What size and type of equipment do you have?

Common Compliance Questions 2. Can you show compliance to 90.1 with your appendix G energy model? Short answer is No. Long answer is 90.1 passed addendum BM for 2013 that allows Appendix G energy model to be used to show compliance to the standard. Chapter 6 updated for 2016 that allows that compliance path.

Common Compliance Questions 3. Is energy recovery actually required for all buildings? Yes, if you meet the requirements

Common Compliance Questions 4. Can I simultaneously heat and cool? Yes, if you meet the one of the following (other exceptions also): VAV systems with DDC, 20% of the zone design peak supply rate. The volume of outdoor air necessary to meet the ventilation requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1 for the zone. Any higher rate that can be demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction The airflow rate required to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards. This includes zones where special pressurization relationships occur, there are cross-contamination requirements, or there are code-required minimum circulation rates. Dehumidification 50% or less of design airflow rate or minimum of 62.1 VRP Individual unit has cooling capacity of 65,000 Btu/h or less and at 50% of capacity or less Individual cooling unit less than 40,000 Btu/h Process spaces 90% is site recovered heating energy Heat added is by desiccant and then 75% of heat is removed before or after the desiccant by energy recovery

Common Compliance Questions 5. Do I really need to include all fan HP values in the fan HP limit? Really? Even exhaust fans? Each HVAC system at fan system design conditions shall not exceed the allowable fan system motor nameplate hp (Option 1) or fan system bhp (Option 2) as shown in Table 6.5.3.1-1. With both options, the power limit applies to all fans that operate at peak design conditions, including primary supply fans, return fans, exhaust fans, and series-type fan-powered VAV boxes. Parallel-type fan-powered VAV boxes typically do not operate at fan system design conditions and would not be included.

Quiz How often is 90.1 and IECC updated? Trick question. They are updated continuously but published every 3 years. True or False. Under IECC 2015, path B chiller efficiencies for air cooled chillers don’t apply. False. As of 2015, you can improve part load efficiencies for air cooled chillers and sacrifice a little full load to show compliance to the code. How many compliance paths are in the 2015 IECC? Three True or False. Economizer is easier to not include in projects following 90.1. True. It depends on a lot of factors but there are more ways to remove economizer in 90.1-2013 than there are in IECC-2015

Email: brandon.damas@hts.com Questions ? Brandon Damas Email: brandon.damas@hts.com