IV. Reactions to War: Anti-War Sentiment Isolationists such as Jeanette Rankin, Quakers, Senator Robert LaFollette – Many Americans wished to stay out of the “European War.”

IV. Reactions to War: First Amendment Issues Espionage and Sedition Acts - Passed during WW1 and made it illegal to speak out against the war effort or the government Eugene V. Debs - Arrested and jailed for speaking out against the war

IV. Reaction to War: First Amendment Issues Schenck v United States 1919 - Ruled the govt. could silence free speech when there is a “clear & present danger” involved during a time of national Crisis. US Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes – Wrote Court’s Opinion.

V. How was the war fought? American Expeditionary Force -Name given to US forces that were mobilized to fight in WW I. http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/W/3/wwi20.gif Famous [African American] regiment arrives home on the France. New York's famous 369th (old 15th) Infantry [African American] troops arrive at Hoboken, New Jersey. They are the only regiment which never had one of their men captured and never lost a foot of ground or a trench, also the only unit in the American Expeditionary Force which bore a state name and carried a state flag. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wfa-usa.org/new/jpg/inspec.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wfa-usa.org/new/aefhist.htm&h=220&w=364&sz=40&hl=en&start=19&um=1&tbnid=4kIQzdRrFwYw4M:&tbnh=73&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAmerican%2BExpeditionary%2BForce%2B%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGWYF,GWYF:2006-29,GWYF:en%26sa%3DN

V. How was the war fought? John J. Pershing - Leader of the AEF-American Expeditionary Forces in France.

V. How was the war fought? Doughboys -Nickname given to the American Expeditionary Forces in WW I. http://website.lineone.net/~hollis_wood/doughweb/uniform/dbuniform.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doughboy

V. How was the war fought? Trench warfare - Mostly on the Western Front between France and Germany-huge ditches, rat infested where soldiers could take cover while they fired on each other.

http://upload. wikimedia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Cheshire_Regiment_trench_Somme_1916.jpg Cheshire Regiment sentry in a trench near La Boisselle during the Battle of the Somme, July 1916

http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/10_02/trenchPA_468x607.jpg

Mustard gas - A new poisonous gas first used by the Germans How was the war fought New Technologies Mustard gas - A new poisonous gas first used by the Germans Other weapons used for the first time in WWI – tanks, and airplanes. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/f/f1/300px-WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg

http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Poison_gas_attack http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Poison_gas_attack.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mustard_gas_burns.jpg English: British Vickers machine gun crew wearing PH-type anti-gas helmets. Near Ovillers during the Battle of the Somme, July 1916. The gunner is wearing a padded waistcoat, enabling him to carry the machine gun barrel. See Image:Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks rear view.jpg for an alternate view of this crew.

VI. How was peace achieved? What were the effects of the war? Fourteen Points— Wilson’s Plan , 1-5 –freedom of the seas, no tariffs, no secret treaties, fair colonial agreements, reduce arms; the next eight were new countries created after the war through Self-determination –The power to self-govern. Wilson wanted the new nations created by the Treaty of Versailles to govern themselves & the 14th was the League of Nations http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/provisional_government.htm The Provisional Government  is the name given to the government that led Russia from March 1917 to November 1917. Throughout its existence, the Provisional Government met at the Tauride Palace. By July it was led by Alexander Kerensky - the man who had informed the Duma on March 11th that 25,000 troops were on the way to support them. The Provisional Government also committed two huge blunders: 1. It refused to give land to the poor peasants in the rural areas. This seemed to confirm the point above - that the Provisional Government did not understand the desires of the poor. To survive the peasants needed land and this was refused by Kerensky. 2. By far, the biggest blunder was the decision taken by the Provisional Government to keep Russia in World War One. This was a curious decision as the war was hated by the Russian people who had suffered greatly as a result of it.

How was peace achieved? What were the effects of the war? Armistice – cease fire agreement Nov. 11, 1918- “The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month 1918” http://www.emsource.org.uk/images/UON00021.jpg

How was peace achieved? What were the effects of the war? “The Big Four” – The most important leaders at Versailles- US = Woodrow Wilson France = Georges Clemenceau Great Britain = David Lloyd George Italy = Vittorio Orlando http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/provisional_government.htm The Provisional Government  is the name given to the government that led Russia from March 1917 to November 1917. Throughout its existence, the Provisional Government met at the Tauride Palace. By July it was led by Alexander Kerensky - the man who had informed the Duma on March 11th that 25,000 troops were on the way to support them. The Provisional Government also committed two huge blunders: 1. It refused to give land to the poor peasants in the rural areas. This seemed to confirm the point above - that the Provisional Government did not understand the desires of the poor. To survive the peasants needed land and this was refused by Kerensky. 2. By far, the biggest blunder was the decision taken by the Provisional Government to keep Russia in World War One. This was a curious decision as the war was hated by the Russian people who had suffered greatly as a result of it.

http://upload. wikimedia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Council_of_Four_Versailles.jpg“ The Big Four" during the Paris Peace Conference (from left to right, Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson They were President Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George (1863–1945) of Britain, Premier Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929) of France, and Premier Vittorio Orlando (1860–1952) of Italy. http://www.enotes.com/history-fact-finder/war-conflict-twentieth-century/who-were-big-four

VI. How was peace achieved? What were the effects of the war? Treaty of Versailles - Germany had to sign at the end of WW I- Treaty contained a war guilt clause & Germany had to pay reparations & lost their colonies. War Reparations totaled $33 Billion Dollars.

Palace of Versailles - France http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/VersaillesCourHonneur.jpg

“Hall of Mirrors” Versailles France http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors,_Versailles.jpg

VII. What were the effects of the war? Death Totals: 20 Million? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WorldWarI-MilitaryDeaths-EntentePowers-Piechart.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WorldWarI-MilitaryDeaths-CentralPowers-Piechart.svg

Country Dead Wounded Russia 1,700,000 5,000,000 Germany 1,600,000 4,065,000 France 1,359,000 4,200,000 Austria-Hungary 922,000 3,600,000 Italy 689,000 959,100 Britain 658,700 2,032,150 Romania 335,706 120,000 Turkey 250,000 400,000 Bulgaria 87,500 152,390 USA 58,480 189,955 Australia 58,150 152,170 Canada 56,500 149,700 Serbia 45,000 133,148 Belgium 44,000 450,000 India 43,200 65,175 Totals 7,996,888 21,755,196 http://www.ysursa.com/history/West%20Civ/Textbook/WWI-casualties.htm