Waste Collection

Lesson Objectives Understand problems and concerns associated with MSW collection. Compare and contrast privately and publicly operated systems. Understand the types of collection systems Identify the benefits associated with the use of transfer stations Prepare an economic analysis of transfer stations Understand the design issues associated with transfer stations

Collection accounts for 50-70% of a SW budget!

Types of Waste Collection Systems Refuse Collection Systems Commercial Waste Collection Recyclable Material Collection

Rear Loading Compactor

Automatic Side Loading Compactor The above photo, excerpted from Integrated Solid Waste Management, 1999 by H. Lanier Hickman, Jr. is presented with permission of the publisher, Pickard & Anderson Companies, Inc. Reproduction of this photo in any other work is prohibited.

Side Loader

Front Loading Compactor

Recycling Hauler The above photo, excerpted from Integrated Solid Waste Management, 1999 by H. Lanier Hickman, Jr. is presented with permission of the publisher, Pickard & Anderson Companies, Inc. Reproduction of this photo in any other work is prohibited.

Collection Options City-Run Collection Non-Exclusive Franchise Exclusive Franchises

Labor Labor intensive Labor unskilled High turn-over rates Few prospects for mechanical replacement of manual labor Injuries and poor working conditions Limited career opportunities

Customer Service Frequency of service Container and storage issues particularly for commercial and industrial Location of pickup Special wastes

Management and Financing Issues Low priority Resistance to change and new technologies Lack of quality management Inflation Changing with new regulations

Technological Issues Collection of recyclables, yard waste, special wastes Yard waste containers - bagged material must be debagged prior to composting Automated collection (still requires an operator) Development of efficient routes Vehicle weight restrictions Vehicle turning radius and clearance

Reasons for declining collection frequency include Proportion of putrescible waste declined (food grinders) Better design of collection vehicles controls odors and flies Service costs increased Time between collection and disposal decreased Better management

Fixed Factors Fixed Factors Climate Topography Layout - container access (alley, curbside, rear of house) Available transportation systems, traffic, roads (Venice uses boats) Types of wastes collected Population density

Variable Factors Storage techniques employed Recycling Collection frequency Crew size Equipment

Collection Calculations Y = a + b + c(d) + e + f + g Where: Y = total collection time a = garage to route time b = actual time collecting waste c = number of trips to disposal site d = time to drive fully loaded truck to disposal facility, unload and return to collection area e = time to drive to garage at the end of the trip f + g = off route time, usually a fraction of Y

Collection Calculations Cont’d N = SF/XW Where: N = number of vehicles required S = total number of customers served per week F = collection frequency X = number of customers truck can serve per day W = number of work days per week

Hauled Container System Number of Containers = n Example below: n=5 The number of drive between containers = n-1 Example: dbc = 4 1 2 3 4 5 Disposal Site

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