Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning.

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Nucleic Acids nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning

Structure Contains phosphate, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups Informational macromolecules used to store hereditary information that determines the structural and functional characteristics of an organism Only molecules that can reproduce an identical copy of themselves

Monomer Nucleotides Nitrogen base Sugar phosphate

Polymer DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA – Ribonucleic acid

1) DNA Permanent storage site of genetic info Sugar = deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with one less oxygen than ribose of RNA 4 nucleotides = A,C,T,G 2 purines = A & G, 2 pyrimidines C & T A – T and C – G Bases held together with hydrogen bonds

DNA Cont’d 2 strands running in opposite directions form a - helix Phosphodiester bonds like sides of the helix Phosphate group of one to hydroxyl of sugar on other

2) RNA Reads the info in DNA and transcribes it into a polypeptide  DNA cannot leave the nucleus Single strand of nucleotides U replaces T

3) ATP Adenosine triphosphate Used to drive all reactions in the body and supply energy

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 1: Nucleotide: contains a phosphate functional group, a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base (A,T, G, C or U)

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 2: The Nitrogenous Bases: Purines are double ring bases (A and G) Pyrimidines are single rung bases (C, U, and T)

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 3: ATP: A high energy molecule used by our cells to run cellular processes. When one phosphate group is lost it becomes ADP and energy is released

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 4: DNA: anti-parallel backbone of sugar-phosphate, base pairs along the middle, held together by H-bonds

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 5: DNA naturally coils to form an -helix, stable due to the cumulative effect of the H-bonds, pyrimidines bond to purine = constant diameter

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 6: Messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA, carries info in DNA to cytoplasm, T is replaced with U

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 7: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain.

Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 8: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome, a large and small subunit grasp the mRNA between them and provide the location for polypeptide assembly