Macromolecules Biology Ms. Lew.

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Macromolecules Biology CP.

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Presentation transcript:

Macromolecules Biology Ms. Lew

Vocabulary Polymer Monomer Macromolecule Carbohydrate Lipids Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Lipids Saturated fat Unsaturated fat Nucleic Acid Protein Amino Acid Nucleotide Phosphate

Organic Compounds Contain C Carbon is special because it contains 4 valence electrons – giving it the ability to form MILLIONS of different compounds

Organic Compounds Contain C WHY?? … Carbon wants 8 electrons. So… Carbon wants to form 4 covalent bonds to fill its outer orbital allowing for a large number of possible combinations

Organic Compounds Contain C Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon Atoms to form new structures

Carbon Chains

Carbon Ring

Macromolecule: Giant molecule made of thousands of smaller molecules

A Polymer is: Large molecule made of repeating subunits called monomers.

Carbohydrates Functions: Main source of energy for life on earth Elements: C, H, O Building Blocks: Sugars Functions: Main source of energy for life on earth Examples: Starch, cellulose, sucrose, lactose

Monosaccharides Single sugar molecules. Ex: glucose Found in milk & fruit

Polysaccharides Large macromolecules Animals use GLYCOGEN. Stored in the liver and muscles. Plants use starch & cellulose

Additional Info Your body NEEDS WATER in order to break down other carbohydrates into the glucose it needs. That’s why you get thirsty when you eat - and why we need water to live!

Lipids Elements: C, H, O Can be a: Fat, steroid or phospholipid Building Blocks of FATS: 1 Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Lipids Functions: Store energy (fats), form membranes (phospholipids), act as hormones (steroids) Examples: fats, cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

Types of Fats Saturated Fat: Fatty acid contains the MAXIMUM number of possible hydrogen atoms. Tend to be SOLIDS at room temperature

Types of Fats Unsaturated Fat: Fatty acid contains at least one double bond, meaning it does not have the maximum number of hydrogen. Polyunsaturated fats have more then one double bond. Tend to be LIQUIDS at room temperature

Types of Fats TRANS FATS (hydrogenated oils) Created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/FatsAndOils/Fats101/Trans-Fats_UCM_301120_Article.jsp#.VjgB2YRRrdQ

Nucleic Acid Elements: C, H, O, N, P Building Blocks: Nucleotides

Nucleic Acid Functions: Store and transmit genetic information Examples: DNA, RNA

Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N, S Building Blocks: Amino Acids

Functions: form structures (bones muscles hair), regulate cell processes. Examples: bone, muscle, nails, hair, enzymes, hormones

Moderation in all things Moderation, variety Do red meat/processed foods cause cancer?