otherwise known as Genetic Expression.

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Presentation transcript:

otherwise known as Genetic Expression. Protein Synthesis otherwise known as Genetic Expression. The thrilling transformation from a simple DNA code to highly complex polypeptide.

First step: Review. Basics of DNA and RNA

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nitrogenous Bases Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Complementary DNA Strands…

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid

Converting from DNA to RNA… Remember, you must create nucleic acids from 5’-3’. So to make an RNA that can be read correctly we have to use the lagging strand as the template.

Wait…there’s something new here!!

mRNA – Messenger RNA

mRNA Messenger RNA: a molecule that carries messages from the nucleus to the ribosomes. this molecule is able to bring instructions from the DNA to the ribosome where proteins are made.

tRNA – Transfer/Translation RNA

tRNA Transfer (translation) RNA: a molecule that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome. this molecule is able translate the DNA message delivered by the mRNA. mRNA Protein tRna

rRNA Ribosome

rRNA Ribosomal RNA: a molecule that builds proteins using DNA instructions delivered by the mRNA and translated by tRNA.

rRNA: follows recipe from DNA; builds proteins using amino acids mRNA: contains protein recipes from DNA tRNA: brings amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins

Second Step: More review. Basics of Protein

Amino Acids: the monomer of proteins

Protein: polymer built of amino acids

Protein Synthesis A two step process

Protein Synthesis Transcription

Transcription Initiation: Start creating mRNA Elongation: Make the mRNA longer Termination: Finish making mRNA

Anatomy of the newly created mRNA A mRNA molecule is a nucleic acid and is therefore a series of nucleotides. mRNA nucleotides are always grouped in sets of three and are read 5’-3’. AAA CGU AUC UAC UUU ACA AGG GUA Each group of three nucleotides on an mRNA strand is known as a CODON. 5’ 3’

Protein Synthesis Translation

A.P.E. Translation A-site: First tRNA binding site P-site: Holds growing polypeptide chain E-site: Exit site for tRNA 5’ 3’

For every CODON there is an Anti-CODON.

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