Chapter 5 - Unit 4 Elements, Symbols and the Periodic Table #3 PPT Chapter 5 - Unit 4 Elements, Symbols and the Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake 1

LecturePLUS Timberlake Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake 2

LecturePLUS Timberlake Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake 3

Symbols from Latin Names Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum LecturePLUS Timberlake 4

% Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake 5

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 1 Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake 6

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 1 Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake 7

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 2 Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake 8

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 2 Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake 9

LecturePLUS Timberlake Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake 10

LecturePLUS Timberlake Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake 11

LecturePLUS Timberlake Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake 12

Representative Groups on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LecturePLUS Timberlake 13

Representative Groups Group 1 (IA) Alkali Metals (Most reactive metals!) Group 2 (IIA) Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 (VIIA) Halogens (Salt formers - Most reactive non metals) Group 8 (VIIIA)Noble Gases (Very Stable - Non-reactive) LecturePLUS Timberlake 14

Location of Some Groups I II III IV V VI VII VIII N O G B a L s E e s A l m k e a t l a i l s A l k e a a l r i t n h e H a l o g e n s LecturePLUS Timberlake 15

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. (Or Group IA to Group VIIIA) Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake 16

Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake 17

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 3 A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron LecturePLUS Timberlake 18

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 3 A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake 19

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 4 A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake 20

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 4 A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake 21

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids - Good conductors of electricity and heat - Ductile - Malleable - Lustrous (shiny) - In chemical reactions, metals lose electrons to form positively charged ions - Vast majority of known elements are metals - All are solids except for mercury, which is a liquid at room temperature and pressure - Are found on the left of the zig zag line. 22 22

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids - Poor conductors of heat and electricity - Not lustrous (dull) - Can be gases, liquids, or solids - Solid nonmetals are brittle - Tend to gain electrons in reactions with metals to form negatively charged ions - Share electrons in reactions with other nonmetals - Are found to the right of the zig zag line Metalloids (Semi-metals) - Exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Found along the zig zag line. 23 23

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids 1 2 Nonmetals 3 4 5 Metals 6 7 Metalloids 24 Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 349 24

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 5 Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake 25

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 5 Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake 26

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check 6 Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake 27

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution 6 A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake 28