Catalyst What did you enjoy most about winter break? By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Identify the monomer and polymer of DNA Describe components of a nucleotide What did you enjoy most about winter break? Tuesday, January 9, 2017

By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Identify the monomer and polymer of DNA Describe components of a nucleotide Why it matters in LIFE: DNA is what makes you WHO YOU ARE. It is what makes each and every human being (and organism) on Earth unique!

Agenda Catalyst 5 min Expectations Review 10 min Goal Setting/ What Do You Know Guided Notes on DNA 20 min Closing

Set some goals! Unit 3: DNA

DNA is a macromolecule? A macromolecule is a very large molecule made of many smaller units

“Mono” means…. Monogamy Monotonous

ONE MONO means

“Poly” means…. Polytheism Polygons Polygamy

MANY POLY means

Monomers and Polymers Monomers are the repetitive units of a polymer Polymers are long molecules built from repeating monomers

What is the monomer?

What is the monomer? ABCABCABCABCABCABC

In your packet…. Train Car Chain Pearl

DNA DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Function of DNA DNA contains genetic information and controls the production of proteins in a cell Proteins are the building blocks of an organism

Where is DNA found? DNA is found in the nucleus of every single cell in our bodies

Structure of DNA DNA is a type of nucleic acid The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide

Nucleotide Structure 2. A Phosphate Group 3. A Nitrogen Base 1. A Sugar (Deoxyribose)

Bases: Purines and Pyrimidines Adenine and Guinine are Purines Thymine and cytosine are Pyrimidines

Base Pairing Rules A with T C with G

Sequence It is the sequence, or order, of nitrogen bases that determines which proteins are made

DNA structure The DNA double helix is 2 strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds

Chromosomes The DNA double helix associates with proteins to form chromosomes

Practice In Your Packet

What it’ll look like on the test…

Catalyst What are the three components of a nucleotide? By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Model the structure of DNA What are the three components of a nucleotide? Wednesday, January 11, 2016

By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Model the structure of DNA Why it matters in LIFE: DNA is what makes us all unique. It’s STRUCTURE is what allows it to do it’s job!

What it’ll look like on the test… If a sample of DNA contains 33% Cytosine, how much Guanine does it contain?

Agenda Catalyst 5 min Expectations DNA Modeling Mini-Lab 30 min Closing

What type of macromolecule is DNA? Nucleic Acid

What are the building blocks of DNA? Nucleotides

What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base

What are the two types of nitrogen bases? Purines and Pyrimidines

What is the backbone of DNA made of? Sugar and Phosphate

What type of bond holds together the two strands of DNA? Hydrogen Bonds

Adenine bonds to what other base? Thymine

Guanine bonds to what other base? Cytosine

Guanine bonds to what other base? Cytosine

What is the shape of DNA called? Double Helix

Write the complimentary base pairing: ATTCAGCCT TAAGTCGGA

Label the DNA picture Include the following: Sugar Phosphate Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Hydrogen bonds Nucleotide

Create a model of DNA using your materials Make sure you include a key at the bottom!

What it’ll look like on the test… If a sample of DNA contains 33% Cytosine, how much Guanine does it contain?

Catalyst What are the two purines? By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Summarize the steps of DNA replication Thursday, January 12, 2017

By the end of the day today, SWBAT… Summarize the steps of DNA replication Why it matters in LIFE: This process allows our cells to divide, which happens CONSTANTLY. If replication doesn’t happen correctly, we end up with mutations

What it’ll look like on the test…

Agenda Catalyst 5 min DNA Replication Guided Notes 15 min Modeling Replication 10 min Cahoot Closing/Ticket Drawing

DNA Replication During DNA replication, DNA makes a copy of itself to prepare for cell division

Unzipping the DNA Double Helix An enzyme called helicase breaks apart the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands of DNA, like a zipper

Template strands These strands of DNA are called template strands, because they are the template for making the other side of the DNA

Base-Pairing As the old DNA unzips, free nucleotides (which are waiting in the nucleus) come and attach themselves according to base- pairing rules (A with T , C with G )

DNA Polymerase An enzyme called DNA Polymerase joins the nucleotides together to produce a new DNA molecule

DNA Polymerase DNA Polymerase also proofreads the new DNA molecules for errors

By the End… After replication is complete, there are 2 new double helicies

Semi-Conservative DNA replication is called semi- conservative, because half of the new DNA molecule is old, and half is new

In a nutshell: Helicase unzips DNA DNA polymerase brings in new nucleotides End up with 2 identical DNA molecules

Modeling DNA Replication “Unzip” your strand of DNA using Helicase Glue down both template strands Complete the new DNA strands using base-pairing rules

Replication Re-cap… What did the scissors represent? What do the green strands of DNA represent? As you generated new nucleotides, what enzyme were you acting like?

Cahoot! Keep track of your CORRECT responses 5 tickets to winner Notes for the first 6 ONLY!

The purpose of DNA replication is to prepare for ______ ___________ Cell Division

What is the name of the enzyme that unzips DNA? Helicase

The two original strands of DNA are called the ___________ strands template

What is the name of the enzyme that proofreads replication for errors? DNA Polymerase

After replication is complete, there are ____ identical double helices 2

NO MORE NOTES!  After replication, half of the DNA is old, half is new. Therefore, we call it… Semi-Conservative

Write the complimentary strand for the base sequence ATCCGAC TAGGCTG

What type of macromolecule is DNA? Nucleic Acid

What are the building blocks of DNA? Nucleotides

What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base

Adenine pairs with… Thymine

What is the backbone of DNA made of? Sugar and Phosphate

What type of bond holds together the two strands of DNA? Hydrogen Bonds

Guanine pairs with… Cytosine

What is the shape of DNA called? Double Helix

So let’s take another look at this…