Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication. DNA & RNA Objective 3.01 Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication.

DNA Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Can’t leave the nucleus Holds our genetic information (the way we look!) Holds instructions for making protein Enzymes are a protein (remember that?) Enzymes are involved in all actions: eating, thinking, running!

The Discovery of DNA The structure of DNA was discovered by two scientists, Watson & Crick. It is a twisted, two-stranded structure called a Double Helix

The Structure of DNA DNA is a polymer (remember what this is?) A Nucleotide is the monomer that makes up the polymer DNA. So, several nucleotides (monomer) joined together make up DNA (polymer).

Nucleotides Nucleotides are made up of 3 parts: Sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate Nitrogen Base Purines Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines 3. Cytosine 4. Thymine

Base Pairing Bases pair up and are held together by a hydrogen bond. Adenine always pairs with Thymine Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. These make up the “steps” of the “ladder”.

A -- ____ T -- ____ G -- ____ C -- ____ Base Pair A -- ____ T -- ____ G -- ____ C -- ____

RNA RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. Main function is to make protein. Found in the nucleus & cytoplasm Made of nucleotides just like DNA but with a few differences: The sugar is Ribose, instead of Deoxyribose. It is single stranded Uses the nitrogen base Uracil in place of Thymine

RNA Bases The nitrogen bases for RNA are Adenine Guanine Cytosine URASIL! Because there is no Thymine, Adenine pairs with Uracil!

Base Pair G – ____ C – ____ U – ____ A – ____

3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Each of these RNA’s have a different function.