Warm up #5 What are the six essential elements? C,H,N,O,P and S What is the most important inorganic compound to life? Water What are the four major organic compounds Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids How are the six essential elements important to homeostasis (two ways)? Make up essential compounds, regulating H ions maintains pH What is a buffer? Weak acid/based pair that regulates pH

Organic Molecules Foldable - Activity

Which Organic Molecule? Written Response #4 Iodine Benedict’s No test Fatty acids Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Sugars Starches Atkins Diet?

Monosaccharide (glucose) Short term energy storage Carbohydrates Carb Loading Monosaccharide (glucose) Quick energy Benedict’s 1: 2 :1 Short term energy storage Iodine Pictures

How are starch and sugar related?!

MONOMER: (one) POLYMER: (many)

Carbohydrates Cellulose – A form of starch found in plants that plants used to build the stem and leaves. In plants the monosaccharide called glucose (C6H12O6) bonds with other glucose molecules again and again to form cellulose. Glycogen – Excess glucose bonds used for short-term energy storage. Found in the liver and muscles. Up date glucose

Carbohydrates Model - Activity Once you have created your disaccharide with your table show it to me so that I may check you off for completion of this section. You must have your foldable completed in this section at this time as well in order to receive credit. Once you have been checked off, find another group to join with to form a polysaccharide. ***If a group has already formed with someone else, you may still add to their polysaccharide chain.***

Lipids

Lipids long term brown fatty acids paper bag Shape of an “E” Fats cane be saturated (solid at room temperature or unsaturated (usually liquid.)

Functions of Lipids Because of the numerous bonds and the way the body stores lipids, they can be used as very long-term (weeks, months) energy sources. Ex. Bears accumulate a layer of fat before winter (when food will be less available). Fats stored in the body act as insulation and protection for internal organs. Some hormones are composed of lipids (steroids).

Lipids Phospholipids – also contain a phosphate group and make up most of the cell membrane.

Lipids Model - Activity Once you have created your fatty acid model with your table show it to me so that I may check you off for completion of this section. You must have your foldable completed in this section at this time as well in order to receive credit.

Proteins Atoms Subunit Test Picture Proteins Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Amino Acids Biurets

Function of Proteins Type of Protein Function Example Pigments Absorb and reflect light. They also create color by reflecting light. Chlorophyll absorbs light to gather energy for photosynthesis, and reflects the color green. Antibodies Binds with and inactivates foreign particles in the body. Immune system of living organisms. Keratin Structures in an organism that form from proteins. Hair and Nails Transport Proteins Transport of materials through the cell membrane or bloodstream. Oxygen being carried by hemoglobin. Communication These hormones send signals to regulate body processes. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and is required by the cell of the body in order for them to remove and use glucose from the blood. Maintain Homeostasis Act to speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes

Proteins AMINO ACIDS

Proteins PEPTIDE BONDS Subunit 2 Subunit 3 Subunit 1 (amino acid)

Protein Model - Activity Once you have created your disaccharide with your table show it to me so that I may check you off for completion of this section. You must have your foldable completed in this section at this time as well in order to receive credit. Once you have been checked off, find another group to join with to form a polysaccharide. ***If a group has already formed with someone else, you may still add to their polysaccharide chain.***

Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA

Nucleic Acids Genetic NO test Nucleus P nucleotides RNA & DNA Proteins

Nucleotides Nitrogenous base Phosphate Sugar Nucleotides are compounds made of a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group. Many nucleotide bond together to make up a long chain called a nucleic acid. Nitrogenous base Phosphate Sugar

DNA vs RNA DNA RNA Single Stranded Contains Uracil Double Stranded Contains Thymine Makes up genes Genes determine traits, such as hair color. Genes are passed from parent to offspring. Controls cellular activities by controlling the production of proteins. Hormones and other cellular signals determine what genes are used in the cell. Single Stranded Contains Uracil Used in the production of proteins.

Nucleic Acids Model - Activity Once you have created your disaccharide with your table show it to me so that I may check you off for completion of this section. You must have your foldable completed in this section at this time as well in order to receive credit. Once you have been checked off, find another group to join with to form a polysaccharide. ***If a group has already formed with someone else, you may still add to their polysaccharide chain.***

What Should I eat? Written Response #5 QUICK INSTANT energy SHORT TERM energy storage LONG TERM energy storage

Eggbert and Roberta’s Stomach - Lab Submit once you have completed the lab.

Macromolecule Menu - Activity