1.1. .NET architectural components and .NET Core .NET and .NET Core 1.1. .NET architectural components and .NET Core Pan Wuming 2017

Topics CTS .NET Core References： .NET Documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/index

.NET architectural components .NET Standard .NET implementations .NET runtimes .NET tooling and common infrastructure

.NET implementations Each implementation of .NET includes the following components: One or more runtimes. Examples: CLR for .NET Framework, CoreCLR and CoreRT for .NET Core. A class library that implements the .NET Standard and may implement additional APIs. Examples: .NET Framework Base Class Library, .NET Core Base Class Library. Optionally, one or more application frameworks. Examples: ASP.NET, Windows Forms, and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) are included in the .NET Framework. Optionally, development tools. Some development tools are shared among multiple implementations.

.NET implementations .NET Core .NET Framework Mono It contains additional Windows-specific APIs. Mono The runtime powers Xamarin applications on Android, Mac, iOS, tvOS and watchOS and is focused primarily on a small footprint. It also features a full static compiler (ahead-of-time compilation) that is used on platforms like iOS. Universal Windows Platform (UWP) Its target devices include PCs, tablets, phablets, phones, and even the Xbox and HoloLens.

.NET tooling and common infrastructure The .NET languages and their compilers The .NET project system (based on .csproj, .vbproj, and .fsproj files) MSBuild, the build engine used to build projects NuGet, Microsoft's package manager for .NET Open-source build orchestration tools, such as CAKE and FAKE

Common Type System - CTS Establish a framework for cross-language execution. Provide an object-oriented model to support implementing various languages on a .NET implementation. Define a set of rules that all languages must follow when it comes to working with types. Provide a library that contains the basic primitive types that are used in application development .

Common Language Specification - CLS Set of rules, applicable to the public interface of public types, that guarantee interoperability between languages. CTS CLS C# F# VB .NET

.NET Core： creating web applications and services Composition A .NET runtime, CoreCLR A set of framework libraries A set of SDK tools and language compilers The 'dotnet' app host, which is used to launch .NET Core apps. Languages: C#, Visual Basic, and F#

Characteristics best define .NET Core Cross-platform Windows, Linux, Mac and Docker. Unified: .NET Standard library Fast Lightweight: No impact deployment Modern Generics, Language Integrated Query (LINQ), async support and more. Open Source

Workloads By itself, .NET Core includes a single application model -- console apps. Additional application models have been built on top of .NET Core to extend its functionality, such as: ASP.NET Core Windows 10 Universal Windows Platform (UWP) Xamarin.Forms when targeting UWP

.NET Standard a formal specification of .NET APIs Defines uniform set of Base Class Libraries (BCL) APIs for all .NET implementations to implement, independent of workload. Enables developers to produce portable libraries that are usable across .NET implementations, using this same set of APIs. Reduces or even eliminates conditional compilation of shared source due to .NET APIs, only for OS APIs. The various .NET implementations target specific versions of .NET Standard.  The .NET Standard is also a target framework.

.NET Standard versioning rules Additive: .NET Standard versions are logically concentric circles: higher versions incorporate all APIs from previous versions. There are no breaking changes between versions. Immutable. Once shipped, .NET Standard versions are frozen. New APIs will first become available in specific .NET implementations, such as .NET Core. If the .NET Standard review board believes the new APIs should be made available everywhere, they'll be added in a new .NET Standard version.