Lesson 10: Ocean Zones

the top layer of the ocean that receives the most sunlight photic zone: the top layer of the ocean that receives the most sunlight bathyl zone: the middle layer of the ocean that receives little or no sunlight abyssal zone: the deepest part of the ocean where there is no light and organisms need to make their own energy from chemosynthesis photic zone: sunlight zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur bathyl zone: is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. abyssal zone: is the abyssopelagic layer or pelagic zone that contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans.

Lesson 11 (Water) Vocabulary - How we impact water - Review vocabulary to the class Clean Water Act Dams Pollution Vocabulary

Dams What is a dam? - a barrier that holds water back What is it used for? - it produces electricity and acts as a water supply Pros: - Provides energy and jobs to homes and people - Creates recreational activities - Prevents Flooding - Explain what a dam is and what a dam is used for - Explain the pros and cons of having a dam - Cons: - Home loses and displacement of people - Flooding - Disrupts the environment, habitat, and ecosystem

- Show how water comes down from the mountain to the river and through the dam - Show how water comes out of the dam - Tell the students the other negative and positive impacts of having a dam

Water Pollution - Explain how water pollution isn’t just happening in certain parts of the world, but it is happening everywhere. - Explain how trash can end up in the water (right picture) - Explain how this child in China is swimming in a body of water that is contaminated and unclean - Explain how things that we use daily can end up in bodies of water Everything we use that is non recyclable may end up in oceans, lakes, and rivers.

What can we do…. REUSE and REDUCE! - Explain how in order to reduce water pollution, people should recycle, reuse, and reduce many things. - Arrange groups of students to have a discussion with each other explaining other alternatives that they could do to make the water better: Examples that students should think of are: - pick up trash - use less plastic bottles, but use the reusable - etc - Have each group explain to the class what they came up with REUSE and REDUCE!

ARE THE LAKES AND STREAMS HERE HEALTHY?! SAFE TO SWIM?!?! CAN I EAT THE FISH?! CLEAN WATER ACT - control pollution in waterways - Clean Water Act in 1972 - sets standards and limits on what can be put in our rivers, lakes, and streams Causes: laundry detergents and wastewater - An increase in people and manufacturing, along with the use of laundry detergents with high phosphate levels were overwhelming some wastewater treatment plants. A large amount of waste was discharged into lakes and streams. - Some waterways became wastelands of smelly water and floating sludge. All over the country people were concerned about how we use water and they let their representatives in Washington D.C. know it. The result was the Clean Water Act and its goals of making water "fishable and swimmable." - In 1972, Congress passed this law to help protect and restore the lakes, streams and rivers of this country. The goals of the Clean Water Act were simple--water should be clean enough for fishing, swimming and other recreational uses. - Discharges of pollutants were to be eventually eliminated. Factories and waste treatment plants were no longer free to get rid of their wastes in the nation's waters. They had to get permits, limiting the pollution they could release. They also had to keep track of their waste discharges and report on their efforts to reduce pollution. The act authorized money to go to cities and towns to help them upgrade their treatment plants. People looked for new ways to reduce discharge from factories. Effects: smelly water and floating sludge

Lesson 12: Animals Vocabulary Endangered Species Act Habitat Destruction Depletion Extinction Resources Invasive Species - How we impact animals and biodiversity - Review vocabulary to the class Vocabulary

Endangered Species Act - animals or plants that is in danger of extinction FACTORS: - destruction of habitat due to us - increasing in population size - invasive species - diseases - An endangered species is a species of wild animal or plant that is in danger of extinction - A species is considered threatened if it is likely to become endangered within the future - Explain to the students about how humans, and other factors impact animals: Destruction, modification, or restriction of habitat: resulting from human activity such as agriculture, mining, deforestation, and pollution Human usage of a species for commercial, recreational, scientific, educational, or other purposes that results in critically diminished population numbers Competition and/or displacement from invasive species Disease or predation by other animals to the extent that populations decline significantly - Ask the students:what are some endangered species that they know of?

Invasive Species - Explain how seashells, snakes, and other animals can be invasive species to other areas that is not common to that place. The picture on the bottom right shows how invasive species can affect humans. - Ask the students if they know any other invasive species.

VIDEO! (Biodiversity) Video: Bill Nye The Science Guy - Biodiversity Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFeRFmqFChQ Start Time: 2:42 End Time: 4:45 Have the students answer the questions while watching this video.

Fishing For Resources (lab) - Look at the other document to show how to do this lab. At the end of the first trial of the lab: - Explain to the students that resources are limited and it takes time for the “fish” to reproduce. At the end of the lab: - Explain how being greedy and taking all the “fish” is not the right way to go - Leaving fish in the pond allows the fish to reproduce, so there will be more fish the next harvest