Insert Date AIM: Basic Chemistry Do Now: Homework:

Matter All things have matter!!! Anything that takes up space and has a mass is considered matter.

Basic Chemistry Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions Example: Oxygen

Common Elements Carbon Nitrogen

An Element is an Atom Atom – smallest unit of matter Contains: 1. Protons – positive charge 2. Neutrons – no charge 3. Electrons – negative charge

Mixture Vs. Compound A mixture contains two different elements that do not chemically combine A mixture becomes a compound when the different elements combine to make a new compound. - Can be separated by physical means - Can only separate through chemical reaction

Structural Formula Shows how each element is arranged Water Glucose

Molecular Formula Indicates which elements are present and how many of each of them are in the compound. Water - H2O …. has 2 H and 1 O Methane – CH4 …. Has 1 C and 4 H It’s the recipe for the compound!

Physical Change A physical change is a change in appearance. The identity does not change.

Chemical Change Compounds are broken and the atoms left over can form new bonds to make new compounds. The identity changes

A Chemical Reaction CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O CH4 and 2O2 = reactants they will react with one another CO2 and 2H2O = products they are made as a result of the chemical reaction.

Let’s look at this equation Photosynthesis Which are the reactants and which are the products.

Two Types of Bonds Ionic Bonds – one atom donates an electron to the other atom (metal and non-metal) Covalent Bonds – two atoms share an electron. (Two non-metals) Ionic  Covalent 

Important Groups On Molecules These are known as functional groups: Acids – Alcohols – Also called a Hydroxide because there is Hydrogen (Hydr) and Oxygen (oxide)

Acids and Bases Acids – have a Hydrogen atom bonded to another atom. HCl  H + Cl Bases – have a hydroxide group bonded to another atom. NaOH  Na + OH When either is dissolved in water, you are left with just the Hydrogen or just the Hydroxide.

Neutralization Neutralization occurs when you have equal amounts of an acid and base The products result in: 1. Salts 2. Water Example: a wasp sting is a base. It can be neutralized with an acid like lemon juice.

Think about… Your pool at home. It needs to be a certain pH. (Close to neutral) We have a pH scale to measure this

pH Indicator Strips Indicators are substances that change color depending on what the pH level is. Examples : Litmus Paper Phenolphthalein