ORGAN SYSTEMS Digestive system (cont.) Functions Appendix Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food Absorption of nutrients Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces Appendix Structural but not a functional part of digestive system Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

ORGAN SYSTEMS Urinary system (Figure 4-11) Structure Functions Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Functions “Clearing” or cleaning blood of waste products; waste product excreted from body is called urine Electrolyte balance Water balance Acid-base balance In males, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions

ORGAN SYSTEMS Reproductive system (Figures 4-12 and 4-13) Structure Male Gonads—testes Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra Accessory gland—prostate Supporting structures—genitalia (penis and scrotum) Female Gonads—ovaries Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina Supporting structures—genitalia (vulva), mammary glands (breasts)

ORGAN SYSTEMS Reproductive system (cont.) Functions Survival of genes Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova) Transfer and fertilization of sex cells Development and birth of offspring Nourishment of offspring Production of sex hormones