Complete the following in your journal Food! Structure! How does Euglena eat? How does Amoeba eat? How does Paramecium eat? How does Volvox eat? What is a unique characteristic of Euglena? What is a unique characteristic of Amoeba? What is a unique characteristic of Paramecium? What is a unique characteristic of Volvox? Move!! How does Euglena move? How does Amoeba move? How does Paramecium move? How does Volvox move?

Human Anatomy and Body Systems

Organization of Your Body There are various levels of organization, it is called a HIERARCHY. 1. Cells; 2. Tissues; 3. Organs; 4. Organ Systems 5. Organism Bodies of vertebrates (animals with spines) are composed of different cell types -Humans have 210 2

Organization of Your Body Organization Structure Diagram Smallest Level Largest Level 5

Organization of Your Body The more ya know!!!!! NOT all tissues are created equal!!! There are four types of tissues that perform different functions. tissues: -Epithelial tissue, -Connective tissue, -Muscle tissue, -Nerve tissue. 3

There are four main types of tissues

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue: Separates, protects, and keeps organs in place. Covers the body surface and forms the lining of most organs. Ex: Skin (epidermis), & inside of mouth 6

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue- Provides support and structure to the body, also fills spaces. The most abundant tissue in the human body.  Ex: Blood, bones, cartilage, and fat.

Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue -Contracts and relaxes to support movement. Three types: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Ex: Cardiac muscle contracts to pump blood through the body; Skeletal muscle moves the bones when directed by brain. Smooth muscle contracts in digesting;

Nerve Tissue Nerve Tissue - responds to stimuli in the environment; - controls movement, reflexes, and receives sensory information; Ex: Brain tissue, Spinal Cord Tissue, Peripheral nerve cells. Nerve Video

Organs: are combinations of different tissues that Organs: are combinations of different tissues that form a structure and function. Examples: Heart - Pumps blood throughout the body. Liver - Removes toxins from the blood, produces chemicals that help in digestion. Lungs - Supplies oxygen to the blood and removes CO2 from blood. Brain - The control center of the body. 4

The human body systems are as follows: -- nervous system -- respiratory system -- digestive system -- skeletal system -- excretory system -- circulatory system -- muscular system -- reproductive system All are extremely important because each system is responsible for a specific cellular function, just on a much larger scale.

The job of an organ system Organ systems are in charge of: communicate, integrate, support and move, maintain and regulate, defend, and reproduce.

Glue in your body systems chart in your SISN.

The Digestive System Purpose: Take in food and breaks down food your body needs for nutrients and energy. Digests food into smaller molecules to absorb nutrients. Remove indigestible food (POOOOOOOP). Major Organs and their Functions: Mouth – to chew and grind up food -- saliva also begins the chemical breakdown Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach Stomach – secretes an extraordinarily strong acid (pH = 2) that leads to breakdown of food Intestines – Where the main part of mineral and nutrient absorption takes place.

The Digestive System

The Circulatory System Purpose: to transport/deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in your body. Major Organs and Their Functions Heart – the major muscle of the circulatory system -- pumps blood through its four chambers (two ventricles and two atria) -- pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body -- valve regulate the flow of blood between the chambers

Arteries – carry blood away from the heart and to the major organs of the body Veins – carry blood back to the heart away from the major organs of the body Capillaries – small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs Blood – the cells that flow through the circulatory system -- red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen -- white blood cells function in the immune system -- platelets help in blood clotting Spleen – helps to filter out toxins in the blood

Image of the Circulatory System

The Nervous System Purpose: Gathers, interprets, and responds to information from and external stimuli. Major Organs and Their Functions Brain – control center of the body, where all processes are relayed through Spinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa Nerves – conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body

Diagram of a Nerve Cell

The Excretory System Purpose: To remove the body of waste materials. Major Organs and Their Functions Kidneys – the main organs of the excretory system Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide

The Excretory System

The Respiratory System Purpose: takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and water. Major Organs and Their Functions Nose – internal entry and exit point for air Larynx – your “voicebox”, as air passes over your vocal chords, you speak Trachea – the “windpipe”, or what connects your pharynx to your lungs

Image of the Respiratory System

The Skeletal System Purpose: Protects organs, provides shape and support, stores materials, produces blood cells, and allows movement. Major organs and functions: Bones are where new blood cells are generated (in the marrow), and require the mineral calcium for strength Major Bones of the Human Body -- femur (thigh bone) -- humerus (upper arm) -- radius and ulna (lower arm) -- cranium (skull) -- sternum (breastbone) -- clavicle (shoulder blade) -- fibula and tibia (calf) -- vertebrae (back) -- scalpula (shoulder) -- pelvic bone -- coccyx (tail bone) -- phalanges (fingers/toes)

Skeletal System

The Muscular System Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement. -- muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary Major Muscles in the Human Body -- biceps -- triceps -- deltoids -- glutes -- hamstrings

Muscular System

The Immune System Purpose: to remove foreign invaders and other pathogens from the human body. Major Organs and Their Functions Skin – also called the integumentary system, the skin is the body’s first line of defense White Blood Cells – recognize disease agents (antigens) and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens Lymph Nodes – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system

Bacteria invaders! Bacteria invaders!

Reproductive System Purpose: The reproductive system enables the organism to make more of its kind keeping an organism from extinction. Major Organs and Their Functions Male parts and female parts

Circulatory/Cardiovascular Summarize the following body systems in your journal: Body System Function/Purpose Digestive   Excretory  Circulatory/Cardiovascular Respiratory Muscular Skeletal Nervous Reproductive Immune Integumentary

How are these systems linked together How are these systems linked together? Does any system impact another system? Read through the cards in the bag. Split the cards in half and quiz each other!!! Switch sets and quiz each other on the other set of systems. Observe the purpose of each system and INFER which systems you think might work together.

Break down food and get rid of waste Explanation: Function: Break down food and get rid of waste Explanation: Organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis by taking in food and getting rid of waste products in the body. Systems: Digestive System and Excretory System

Function: Circulate oxygen Explanation: Organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis by circulating oxygenated rich blood throughout the body and getting rid of carbon dioxide. Systems: Circulatory System and Respiratory System

The body defends itself with two organ systems: Function: Defense Explanation: The body defends itself with two organ systems: Systems: Integumentary (skin) and immune.

Function: Response Explanation: Organ systems detect external stimuli and coordinate the body’s responses Systems: Nervous, sensory and endocrine systems (releases hormones to signal responses in human body.)

Function: Support and movement Explanation: Allows the body to maintain an upright position, without being a limp noodle, as well as allows the body to move. Systems: The muscle system and skeletal system

Think-Pairs With your partner: 1. Discuss what the systems do 2 Think-Pairs With your partner: 1. Discuss what the systems do 2. Discuss how the two systems work together.

How do Skeletal and Muscle Systems help one another?

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Digestive and Excretory Systems

When you’re done with your circle map Please complete a book on the organ systems. Each part of the book should include various pieces of information on the body system. Parts you need to include in your book are: 1. What is the body system. 2. What does that body system do. 3. Where is that particular body system. 4. Does that body system work closely with another body/organ system? 5. Neat Fact about that body/organ system

Example book!

Body System Function – What does that body system do? Major organs in that system Digestive System Excretory System Circulatory System Nervous System Skeletal System Muscle System Reproduction System Respiratory System