Human Anatomy: An Introduction Ms. Halbohm Anatomy Date Human Anatomy: An Introduction

What we will be doing today: 1) We’ll start off by taking our lab safety quiz. 2) We’ll then watch a video introducing anatomy. 3) I’ll talk for a few mins. 4) Then we will have an activity to work on.

Pre-Quiz: On a piece of paper, answer the following questions: 1) What do you think anatomy is? 2) What do you think physiology is? 3) How do you think they are different? 4) What interests you most about anatomy/physiology? 5) Why did you want to take this class?

Objectives: 1) Define anatomy and physiology. 2) Explain how anatomy and physiology are related. 3) Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related by creating a concept map.

Anatomy vs physiology video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2N_b0qwvxY

Directions: Each term you will need to be define is bold and in red print on the PowerPoint slides. Some of the answers are filled in partially for you. Fill in the rest of the blanks as we go through each slide. Raise your hand if you have a question or do not understand a definition.

Lets define together: Anatomy: the study of structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another. Physiology: The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

In other words… Anatomy is the what… and Physiology is the how…. Form fits function. Anatomy is the form.. Physiology is the function…

Levels of Organization: Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ System

Levels of organization: Atoms: Tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, and proteins. Molecules form Cells: the smallest unit of all living things. Tissues: consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function. Organ: a structure that is made up of two or more tissue types and performs a specific function for the body. Organ System: a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

Organ Systems: Example: The digestive system is an organ system that includes the esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines. Each organ has its own job to do and by working together, they keep food moving through the digestive system so that it is properly broken down and absorbed into blood, providing fuel for all the body’s cells. Altogether, there are 11 organ systems of the body and together they make up an organism, the human body.

Next: Create a pyramid of the levels of organization. You may use colored paper, colored pencils, glue, scissors, and the notebooks on the counter. You will need a notebook for this class to keep notes in so you may have one of the notebooks on the counter or use your own. A 3 ringed binder would work best.

Levels of Organization: Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ System

Directions: As we go through each system of the body, you will need to point out each system’s form (anatomy) and function (physiology) I will call on someone each time to make sure we all have the same answers. Please raise your hand if you know the answer.

Organ system overview: The integumentary system: the external covering of the body, or the skin. This system waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury.

Organ system overview: The skeletal system: consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints. It supports the body and provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement.

Organ system overview: Muscular system: made up of the skeletal muscles. These muscles are different from the muscles of the heart and other hollow organs which move fluids or other substances along pathways of the body. Skeletal muscles function to contract, or shorten, which causes movement.

Organ system overview: The nervous system: the body’s fast acting control system. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Organ system overview: Endocrine system: controls body activities much like the nervous system, but much slower. The endocrine glands produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to travel to relatively distant target organs. The Endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pineal, ovaries, and testes.

Organ system overview: Cardiovascular system: the primary organs are the heart and blood vessels. Using blood as the transporting fluid, the cardiovascular system carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made.

Organ system overview: Lymphatic system: complements the cardiovascular system. Includes the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as the spleen and tonsils. The lymphatic vessels return fluid leaked from the blood to the blood vessels so that the blood can be kept continuously circulating through the body.

Organ system overview: Respiratory system: keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Consists of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Organ system overview: Digestive system: is basically a tube that runs all the way through the body. The organs include the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. Their role is to break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells.

Organ system overview: Urinary system: removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine. Is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Organ system overview: Reproductive system: exists primarily to produce offspring. Consists of the testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and the duct system in males. In females, it consists of the ovary which produces an egg, the female duct system which contains the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.

Next: We will be creating a concept map using scrap paper and colored pencils, of each of the organ systems and how they overlap. Body systems Digestive Cardiovascular Respiratory Endocrine Form Function