Phylum Porifera -fera means bearing Pore bearing Sponges Sessile Mostly marine, some freshwater ~ 10,000 species worldwide

Tissue Animals Tissue is the most complex level of organization. They do not have organs or organ systems

Cellular Organelle Molecular Atomic Subatomic Take Levels of Biology out and put with basic chemistry Subatomic

Organism Organ System Organ Tissue Pronghorn Antelope Nervous System Brain Tissue Nervous Tissue

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Earth’s surface Air Snake Soil Ecosystem Snake Pronghorns Bushes Water Hawk Grass Hawk Community Snake Pronghorns Population Herd of Pronghorns

Anatomy of a Sponge

Anatomy and Physiology Draw water in through incurrent pores Expel through large excurrent pore called the osculum Epidermis- outer cell layer Mesenchyme- jellylike matrix Amoebocytes- moving cells, involved in transportation of materials, excretion, and digestion Spicules- support structures, come in different shapes and different compositions Collar cells- create current, engulf and partially digest incoming food particles

Anatomy of a Sponge

ingestion—the intake of food. digestion– the breaking down of food into sub- stances the animal can use. assimilation– the absorption of the food for later use as a source of energy or building material.

Reproduction Asexual Sexual Budding- group of cells enlarge, separate, and grow into a new sponge Regeneration- broken piece grows to new sponge Sexual Primarily in spring Sperm from one sponge enters collar cell of another. Amoebocyte transfers sperm to an ovum located in the mesenchyme. Zygote develops into flagellated larva.