Biology 201 Organismal Structure & Function Animal Phase Introduction Biology 201 Organismal Structure & Function Animal Phase Dr. Tony Serino

Structure & Function Anatomy –study of body structures and relationships Physiology –study of body mechanisms (homeostasis)

Homeostasis Maintenance of a constant internal environment Uses a reflex arc to self regulate Reflex functions to maintain a certain set point with a narrow physiological range

Homeostasis Reflex

Homeostatic Pathways

Factors Affecting Homeostasis Feedback –negative or positive Feed-forward regulation Acclimatization Biorhythms

Body Plan Tube within a tube Symmetry (radial or bilateral) Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord

Internal vs. External Environment

Body Cavities (Peritoneal cavity)

Serous Membranes & Mesenteries Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) lining the body cavities (parietal) and their organs (visceral) Each membrane is named for the cavity it lines Form double membranes which suspend organs within cavities True mesenteries connect the body wall to the organ Ligaments connect organ to organ

Visceral vs. Parietal Parietal membrane Body Cavity filled with serous fluid Visceral membrane

Pericardium

Pleura Parietal Pleura Visceral Pleura Pleural cavity

Peritoneum Parietal Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Peritoneal cavity

Body Plan Tube within a tube Bilateral Symmetry Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord Body Planes Anatomical Position

Anatomical Directions

Body Fluids Transcellular fluids are filtrates of the plasma

Important Ions

Levels of Anatomy

Classification of Life Forms: Three Domains Eukarya Eukarya Domains: Eukarya, Bacteria, Archae Bacteria and Archae are prokaryotes Eukarya is divided on the basis of complexity and method of nutrition Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Bacteria Archae

Taxonomy A system to classify and name living things Each group represents individuals with shared characteristics