Discussion session by Dr Zahari Hamidon Introduction to TPCK Discussion session by Dr Zahari Hamidon

Background TPCK framework TPCK framework for teacher knowledge Nature of technologies Inclusion of technology in pedagogy Technology as a ‘wicked problem’ – in which teaching is viewed as a highly complicated form of problem seeking and problem solving derives from flexible and integrated bases of knowledge. TPCK framework for teacher knowledge Complex interaction among three bodies of knowledge: content, pedagogy and technology.

Nature of technology Definition The tool created by human knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy wants (Wikipedia, 2006) As and individual tool or technique specifically Internet i.e. computer technology, word processing technology microscopic technology (collectively called technologies) Educational technology – describes the sum of the tools, techniques and collective knowledge applicable to education – include both analog and digital – does not distinguish between older technology and newer technology.

Technology Technology integration – “the act of including technology in teaching” Introducing technology complicate the process of teaching? Newer digital technology have some inherent properties that make it difficult for teachers to apply the straightforward ways? IMPORTANT: to develop a better understanding of the AFFORDANCE and CONSTRAINT inherent in digital technologies.

Technology Digital technologies are protean in nature give digital technologies their greatest strength: Digital computer Tool for communication Tool for design Tool for inquiry Tool for artistic expression These strength – come at cost ? Significantly increasing the complexity of having these different symbol systems, making them difficult (?) to learn and use.

Technology Technology integration has often been considered a kind of problem-solving, the goal of which is to find the appropriate technological solutions to pedagogical problems (?) “Wicked problem” = “tame” problems Cannot be solved in a traditional linear fashion New solution create another new more complex problems (?) No stopping rules – not right or wrong – its just ‘simply’ better, worse, good enough or not good enough In teaching: full of complexity(?) and ill- structuredness(?) Complexity often emerges from a smaller set of tractable and understandable phenomena that INTERACT (?) with one another. Eg. Teacher <- -> Students <- -> Technology <- -> Content