Early Chinese civilizations SSWH2.C,D

Activator [DO NOT WRITE] In 1976, archaeologists discovered the tomb of Lady Hao. She was a queen and military leader of the Shang Dynasty. She died around 1200BCE. What can you infer (hypothesize) about the Shang Dynasty from the artifacts found in the tomb?

Activator Basin from Lady Hao’s Tomb

Activator Jade Tiger from Lady Hao’s Tomb

Activator Remains from Lady Hao’s Tomb

I. Geography

II. Shang dynasty 1700 BCE – 1027 BCE Class-based society Large, walled cities with nobles living inside the walls and peasants living outside. Written language Shang Dynasty was the first in China to develop writing Each word = different character Only the wealthiest would have been literate

III. Zhou Dynasty ZHOU Replaced the SHANG Dynasty in 1027 BCE. The Zhou adopted most of Shang culture, so daily life in China didn’t change with the Dynasties.

III. A. Mandate of heaven-a ruler’s right to rule because the gods give him their approval MANDATE OF HEAVEN was used by the Zhou as a reason for overthrowing the Shang Dynasty A just leader had god’s approval – known as the “Mandate of Heaven”

Strong King provides peace and wealth, so it claims to have the “Mandate of Heaven” Wealth declines, leaders become corrupt Natural disasters occur (floods, famines, revolts) People think the Dynasty has lost the “Mandate of Heaven” New Dynasty leads rebellion and gains control The Dynastic Cycle

III. C. Feudalism Kings had all the power and owned all the land They gave use of the land to noble families Peasants worked for the nobles Everyone depended on the king for land and protection

The “warring states period” Decline of the zhou dynasty The “warring states period” Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, territorial leaders began to see themselves as kings. They constantly fought with each other for power This conflict weakened China

Zhou Accomplishments: developed technology for irrigation, drainage, waterways, canals, dikes, and dams use of iron in developing iron casting for tools and weapons Improved math in fractions, geometry Compass Established new philosophies established feudalism

IV. B. Confucianism attempts to restore order in china Who was Confucius? A scholar who started a new ethical system (a belief of right and wrong) to achieve stability in family, government and society. He believed honor and well ordered relationships could accomplish this.

Confucius attempts to restore order in china by teaching Five relationships that organized society: 1. Ruler and subject 2. Father and son 3. Husband and wife 4. Older brother and younger brother 5. friend and friend

How were these relationships related to an orderly society? Honor and respect for authority is taught in the roles of each society.

Filial Piety: Respect given to parents and ancestors given by devoting one’s life to their parents and performing memorial rituals after their death

Patriarchial family Patriarchial males hold primary power and dominate roles of political leadership, moral authority and control of women and children. This power is inherited by sons.

Confucius quotes Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous. Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness. It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we do.

Qin Dynasty will overthrow zhou

Confucianism is destroyed and replaced with legalism A well-ordered society is achieved by good relationships and families Education and ideas are good for society Legalism A well-ordered society is achieved by a powerful and efficient government Punishments are good for order Ideas should be controlled by the government

Qin Dynasty A. Legalism Establishes a Dynasty: In 200 BC, Became King at 13, changed his name to Shi Huangdi used the ideas of Legalism to defeat many of the warring states and unify China under the Qin Dynasty Burned books and had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered

V. Qin Dynasty B. Shi Huangdi Builds the Great Wall of China Peasant and slave labor was ordered to build a massive defensive wall along the Qin’s northern boarder

Great wall of china

Shi Huangdi’s terrocotta army

Shi Huangdi’s terrocotta army

Shi Huang Di’s Accomplishments: Standardized writing system standardized currency, weights and measures, wagons and chariots. Built road systems that improved trade Built advanced weaponry Built the Great Wall of China