Chapter 5 Language

What is a Dialect? Dialect - a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group. Explanation - Can be defined regionally(topolect), socially(sociolect), or ethnically(ethnolect). Every language has some form of dialect. A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. A standard dialect is one supported by institutions. A nonstandard dialect is one that is not supported institutionally. Example - Some dialects of English: Standard American English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard British English, also; Southern American English and Western American English.

Why is English spoken differently around the world? English is spoken differently around the world because of isolation between its speakers. For example, English colonists spread the English language to the Western hemisphere. English speakers in the United Kingdom and the United States are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The two countries have varied pronunciations and spellings of words, like the word “color” in the US and “colour” in the UK. Atlantic Ocean

What languages have been extinct, but have been revived? (cont.) Celtic Languages Before the Angles, Jutes and Saxons invaded the British Isles, its major languages were from the Celtic language branch. Welsh, Cornish, and Gaelic are a few examples of languages steadily being revived. Welsh is being made mandatory to learn in schools in Wales, and Cornish is taught in grade school, and public media, like the BBC (British Broadcasting Channel).

What is a language family, language group, and language branch? Language Family - A collection of languages that all came from a common ancestor before recorded history Language Branch - A collection of languages that originated and broke off from a common ancestor several thousand years ago Language Group - A set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similarities Language families are the largest of the three and encompass the most amount of languages and and people Language groups are the smallest, and the languages have few differences in spelling, tone, and pronunciation

Language Tree (Families,Branches, and Groups)

What are the largest language families? The largest and most widespread family is the Indo European family. It is spoken by about 50% of the world Mostly spoken by people in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia, but is also widely used in other places around the world and is the official language of many African and some Asian countries. (mostly English) The second largest is the Sino Tibetan family, in which 20% of the world speaks mostly spoken in South East Asia and China has the world most spoken language - Mandarin Final 30% of the world speaks languages of the Afro - Asiatic, Niger Congo, Altaic, or Austronesian Families

The Normans(French) and Angles (German)both invaded England How did the Normans and the Angles contribute to the development of English? The Normans(French) and Angles (German)both invaded England The Angles arrived in England in the 5th century and ruled until the Norman invasion in the 11th century Examples- Angles brought words for animals (deer) and Normans brought words for meats (venison)

What Branch and Group does English belong to? English belongs to the Germanic Language Group and the Indo-European Branch English has the largest number of native speakers in the Germanic language group with around 341 million native speakers

What is a Creolized language? A Creolized language is a language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with an indigenous language of the people being dominated

What is an Isogloss? Isogloss- a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate(Textbook Definition) An isogloss can also be the boundary that separates pronunciation of vowels or what word is used for an object Example-In the US depending on where you are carbonated drinks may be called soda, pop, coke or soft drink

What is Spanglish and Franglais? The mix of Spanish(or french) with English. Pidgin language: A simplified form of a language that serves as communications between two groups that do not share a common language. Can usually relate more to French, Spanish, English, depending on the location.