KULIAH 3: TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DALAM PENDIDIKAN DR. NORHASYIMAH HAMZAH FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

Output Devices What is Output? Output is data that has been processed into a useful form. That is, a computer process input into output Computer generate several types of output, depending on the hardware and software being used and the requirements of the user ICT Tools: Output Devices

Output devices After processing the inputted data, the computer will give its output. This output can be in two different formats: Hardcopy Softcopy

Types of Output Hard copy Output on a tangible (something you can touch) such as a printer printout. Printed on paper or other permanent media. Soft copy Displayed on screen or by other non-permanent means. Visual (monitor) or Sound (speakers) ICT Tools: Output Devices

Four Common types of Output Text- consist of character that are used to create words, sentences and paragraphs Graphics- digital representative of non text information such as drawings, charts, and photographs Audio- is music, speed or any other sound. Recall that sound waves, such as the human voice or music, are analog. To store such sounds, a computer converts the sounds from a continuous analog signal into digital format Video consist of image are played back at speeds that provide the appearance of full motion. A video capture card converts an analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can understand and converts the digital signal back into analog signal.

DISPLAY DEVICES A display device is an output devices that visually conveys text, graphics and video information. Information shown on a display device often is called soft copy, because the information exists electronically and is displayed for temporary period time. The monitor is the most common type of output device and is also called Visual Display Unit (VDU). Monitors, television.

VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT Monochrome 2) Colour uses more than one type of colour and is generally called RGB monitors, stand for Red, Green and Blue and a combination of these colours are used to display the image on the monitor. Colour monitors can display range from 16 to 16.7 million colours Monochrome This type of display uses only one type of colour or a greyscale.

Output devices Output devices enable you to send processed data out of your computer. This can take the form of text, pictures (graphics), sounds (audio), and video. One common output device is a monitor, which displays text, graphics, and video as soft copies (copies you can see only on-screen). Another common output device is the printer, which creates tangible or hard copies of text and graphics. Speakers are obviously the output devices for sound.

Examples of Output Devices 1) Monitor This is the most common output device. ICT Tools: Output Devices

Monitors (Cont) LCD LED OLED CRT

Monitors (Cont)

Monitors (Cont)

Monitors (Cont) CRT LCD LED OLED Cathode Ray Tube Less Expensive Use much more space Uses more energy Better viewing angles Legacy technology Liquid Crystal Display More expensive Uses far less space More energy efficient Less viewable from an angle Light Emitting Diode Better color accuracy Thinner panels Organic Light-emitting Diode Use organic compound to produce light when exposed to an electric current Do not require backlight therefore draw less power Much thinner (3mm) More brig significantly improved color accuracy

MONITOR QUALITY 1. Size Desktop screens are usually 14 – 19 inches by diagonal measurement. (This is how TV screens are measured, too.) Larger sizes are available, at a significantly higher cost. ICT Tools: Output Devices

2. Resolution- Sharpness and clarify relate directly to the number of pixels it can display Determines how clear and detailed the image is. Pictures on a screen are made up of tiny dots. 1 dot on screen = 1 pixel. The more pixels per inch, the clearer and more detailed the picture. A screen with 640X480 (pronounced 640 by 480) resolution. It can display 640 columns and 480 rows of pixels . A monitor with a higher resolution displays a greater number of pixels, which provide smoother image

Monitors (Cont)

Monitors (Cont) 3. dot pitch Measure of image clarify Is the vertical distance between each pixels on a monitor. The smaller the distance between the pixels, the sharper the displays image.

Monitors (Cont)

Video cards To display color, a color monitor works in combinations with a video cards. A video card also called graphics card or video adapter. Converts digital output into an analog video signal that is sent through a cable to the monitor. The monitor separates the video signal into red, green and blue signals. Video RAM (VRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM) to improves the quality of graphics.

Examples of Output Devices 2. Printer The job of a printer is to put on paper what you see on your monitor. How easy this is to do and how successfully it is done determines whether or not you are happy with your printer choice. produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film ICT Tools: Output Devices

Printer Features Printer Resolution Resolutions measured in dots per inch (dpi). This determines how smooth a diagonal line the printer can produce. A resolution of 300 dpi will produce text that shows jagged edges only under a magnifying glass. A lower resolution than this will produce text with stair-step edges, especially at large sizes. Even higher resolutions are needed to get smooth photo reproduction. Professionals in graphics use 1200 to 2400 dpi printers. ICT Tools: Output Devices

Things to Consider When Choosing a Printer How much output? – what speed is needed? – is heavy-duty equipment necessary? Quality of output needed?  – letter quality? – near letter quality? – draft? Location of printer? – is loudness important? ICT Tools: Output Devices

Impact Printer Impact printers have tiny hammer- like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, thus making a mark on the paper (similar to the action of a typewriter) The most common impact printer is the dot-matrix printer.

IMPACT PRINTERS Dot matrix printers Line printers Produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strikes and inked carbon. When the ribbon pressed again the paper, it creates dots that form character and graphics Line printers High speed impact printer that print an entire line at a time. The speed of a printer is measured in: – cps – characters per second – lpm – lines per minute – ppm – pages per minute   The faster the printing, the more expensive the printer.

Printers What is a dot-matrix printer? Impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins strike ribbon Impact printer forms characters by striking mechanism against inked ribbon that contacts paper p. 304 Fig. 6-17 Next

Printers What is a line printer? High-speed impact printer that prints entire line at a time Speed measured in lines per minute (lpm) Band printer prints fully formed characters using a hammer mechanism Shuttle-matrix printer is high-speed printer that works like dot-matrix printer p. 304 Fig. 6-18 Next

LINE PRINTERS Example: Braille Printer

Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users What other output options are available for visually impaired users? Change Window settings, such as increasing size or changing color of text to make words easier to read Blind users can work with voice output Braille printer outputs information in Braille onto paper

Non-impact printer Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper. Some spray ink, while others use heat and pressure to create images. Because these printers do not strike the paper, Much quieter that impact printer

Non-impact printer Ink Jet Laser Less expensive device Full color printing Slower in pages per minute (PPM) More expensive per page in B&W Laser More expensive device Black and White (Color lasers are very expensive) Faster in PPM Less expensive in B&W Ink-jet printers work by spraying tiny drops of ink onto paper. When using the right paper, higher-end ink-jet printers print images that look like professional-quality photos. Because of their high quality and low price, ink-jet printers are the most popular printer for color printing. Laser printers are often preferred for their quick and quiet production and high-quality printouts. Because they print quickly, laser printers are often used in schools and offices where multiple computers share one printer. Although more expensive to buy than ink-jet printers, over the long run, for high volume printing, laser printers are more economical than ink-jets when you include the price of ink and special paper in the overall cost. Laser, LED, inkjet, solid ink, thermal wax transfer and dye sublimation printers are examples of non-impact printers. faster and quieter than impact printers because they have fewer moving parts.

Printers What is an ink-jet printer? A type of nonimpact printer that sprays tiny drops of liquid ink onto paper Nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics without striking paper Prints in black-and-white or color on a variety of paper types Next

Printers What is a laser printer? High-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer Prints text and graphics in very high-quality resolution, ranging from 600 to 2,400 dpi Typically costs more than ink-jet printer, but is much faster p. 309 Fig. 6-23 Next

Printers What is a mobile printer? Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet PC, or PDA while traveling Next

Printers What is a label printer? Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material Most also print bar codes Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints postage stamps p. 311 Fig. 6-27 Next

Printers What is a photo printer? Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures Step 1. Take photograph with digital camera and store it on media card in the camera. media card media cards photo printer Step 2. Insert media card into card reader on photo printer. Step 4. Remove printed photo from the printer. Step 3. Use menu to select desired image to print, view it on LCD screen, edit if necessary, select size of the print, and then print image. Next

SPECIALTY PRINTER Plotter printing device for printing vector graphics used in applications such as computer- aided design Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen used in engineering applications where precision is mandatory. A plotter is a computer printing device for printing vector graphics. In the past, plotters were widely used in applications such as computer-aided design, though they have generally been replaced with wide-format conventional printers. It is now commonplace to refer to such wide-format printers as "plotters," plotter is a device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines, whereas printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots. Multicolor plotters use different-colored pens to draw different colors. In general, plotters are considerably more expensive than printers. They are used in engineering applications where precision is mandatory.

PLOTTER The plotter uses pens to write on paper and is usually used for engineering drawings. There are two types of plotters 1) Flatbed Plotter – This uses a flat paper which is fixed, and pens (or styluses) that move on it draw the required design.

PLOTTERS 2. Drum Plotter – Here the paper moves along a drum vertically while pens move side to side horizontally.

Daisy Wheel Printers This type of printer is rarely used any more since new printer technology, which is more efficient and economic, has been discovered. The principle of this type of printer is that number and letter are each situated on metal leafs as shown. These leafs make part of the daisy wheel. In order to print, the daisy wheel rotates while a hammer will strike each character, which will make contact with the printer ribbon and the paper.

Speakers and Headsets What is an audio output device? Computer component that produces music, speech, or other sounds Speakers and headsets are common devices Next

Speakers and Headsets What is voice output? Computer talks to you through speakers on computer Internet telephony allows you to have conversation over Web p. 314 Fig. 6-32 Next

SOUND CARDS AND SPEAKER These devices are used to produce sound from the computer system. The soundcard is a card installed in the tower case of the computer. Its role is to convert the signal coming out of the computer to a format that can be reproduced by the external speakers.

Other Peripherals Facsimile machine Is a devices that transmits and receives document over telephone lines. Text, drawing, photographs or handwritten

Other Output Devices What is a fax modem? Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic documents as faxes internal fax card in system unit external fax modem fax machine

Other Output Devices What is a multifunction peripheral? Provides functionality of printer, scanner, copy machine, and fax machine p. 316 Fig. 6-35 Next

Other Output Devices What is a data projector? Device that takes image from computer screen and projects it onto larger screen

In this section you will become more familiar with various peripherals   you will become more familiar with various peripherals you can use this knowledge to help you choose those which match your needs. ICT Tools: Output Devices

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