Properties of Matter Matter is anything that is made of atoms - Can you think of one thing in the entire world that is not matter?

Atom Atom – the building blocks of matter. - the smallest piece you can break something into, if you broke it again it would not be the same substance - everything is made of atoms

The Parts of an Atom An atom is made up of two major areas; The Nucleus (the center of the atom)  The Area Outside the Nucleus Call the Electron Cloud 

Nucleons Nucleons – the parts that make up the nucleus Protons – particles in the nucleus that have a +1 charge Neutrons – particles in the nucleus that have no charge Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 amu or 1 atomic mass unit

Electron Cloud The area outside the nucleus is the electron cloud. This is the space that electrons fly around in. Electrons – the atomic particle that is found flying outside the nucleus, that has almost no mass and a charge of -1

Atoms Never Rest All atoms are constantly moving! Brownian Motion: Perpetual jiggling of molecules/particles that are just large enough to be seen. The more the particles move the more energy they have. This determines the molecules physical state (solid, liquid, gas,…) Plasma: a phase of matter that consists of positive ions and free electrons. - This state of matter is of much greater energy than mater in the gas state.

When the number of parts in an atom are different The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom are not the same. Isotope: Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. Ion: An atom that has a different number of protons and electrons. - This makes that atom have a charge because the +1 protons do not equal the -1 electrons

Elements Element – a material composed of only one kind of atom. If I have a sample of an element every atom in that sample has the same number of protons and electrons - There are about 100 elements that are found in nature

The Periodic Table The periodic table is a list of all the elements listed by atomic number Atomic Number – The number of protons an atom contains

Atoms can bond together Molecule – when two or more atoms bond or stick together by sharing electrons - This happens between nonmetal elements

Compounds Compound – a substance that is made of atoms of different elements bound together in fixed proportions - When a metal element bonds with a nonmetal element because of opposite charges Chemical Formula – a symbol that tells you what kind and how many of each element are in a compound C6H12O6