1.A Evolution 1.B Common Ancestry Review

1. We are living during the ______ era. Neogene Cenozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic

2. _______ were the dominant vertebrate life form during the Paleozoic era. Amphibians Sponges Dinosaurs Mammals

3. Flowering plants first appeared during the ________. Devonian Cenozoic Mesozoic Carboniferous

4. There is(are) ______ prokaryotic domain(s). one two three four

5. Which of the following pairs are homologous? Bat wing and human hand Owl wing and hornet wing Porcupine quill and cactus spine Bat forelimb and bird wing Australian mole and North American mole

6. A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number 1 2 3 4 5

7. The two extant species that are most closely related to each other are A and B B and C C and D D and E E and A

8. Which species are extinct? A and E A and B C and D D and E

9. Which extinct species should be the best candidate to serve as the outgroup for the clade who common ancestor occurs at position 2? A B C D E

10. The four-chambered hearts of birds and the four-chambered hearts of mammals evolved independently of each other. If one were unaware of this independence, then one might logically conclude that The common ancestor for birds and mammals had a three-chambered heart. Birds and mammals are more distantly related than is actually the case. Early mammals possessed feathers. The common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart. Birds and mammals should be placed in the same class.

A researcher compared the nucleotide sequences of a homologous gene from five different species of mammals with the homologous human gene. The sequence homology between each species’ version of the gene and the human gene is presented as a percentage of similarity. 11. What probably explains the inclusion of rabbits in this research? Their short generation time provides a ready source of DNA. They possess all of the shared derived characters as do the other species listed. They are the closest known relatives of rhesus monkeys. They are the outgroup. They are the most recent common ancestor of primates.

A researcher compared the nucleotide sequences of a homologous gene from five different species of mammals with the homologous human gene. The sequence homology between each species’ version of the gene and the human gene is presented as a percentage of similarity. 12. What conclusion can be drawn validly from these data? Humans and other primates evolved from rabbits within the past 10 million years. Most of the genes of other organisms are paralogous to human genes, or with chimpanzee genes. Among the organisms listed, humans shared a common ancestor most recently with chimpanzees. Humans evolved from chimpanzees somewhere in Africa within the last 6 million years.

13. In a comparison of birds with mammals, having four appendages is A shared primitive character. A shared derived character. A character useful for distinguishing the birds from mammals. An example of analogy rather than homology. A character useful for sorting bird species.

14. How would one apply the principle of parsimony to the construction of a phylogenetic tree? Choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. Choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. Base phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record, as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution. Choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology. Choose the tree with the fewest branch points.

15. All of the following are criteria for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium involving two alleles except The frequency of all genotypes must be equal. There should be no natural selection. Matings must be random. Populations must be large. Gene flow from other populations must be zero.

16. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.7. What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for this allele? 3 9 30 42 49

17. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.7. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele? 3 9 30 42 49

Cannot be determined from the information provided. 18. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals with Aa genotype? 0.20 0.32 0.42 0.82 Cannot be determined from the information provided.

Cannot be determined from the information provided. 19. You sample a population of butterflies and find that 42% are heterozygous for a particular gene. What would be the frequency of the recessive allele in this population? 0.09 0.30 0.49 0.70 Cannot be determined from the information provided.