THE VIETNAM WAR
When November 1955 – April 1975 (The US sent its first troops in 1965) SEVEN different U.S. presidents were involved in war decisions
Background Vietnam had been a French colony Ho Chi Minh fought against the French for Independence; Communist party backed him so he turned Communist The Geneva Accords split Vietnam into North and South
The Split The Geneva Accords split Vietnam into North and South along the 17th parallel
The North Ho Chi Minh lead the North (Communists) and was supported by the Soviet Union; he wanted the whole country to be unified, but as Communists
The South The South became “The Republic of Vietnam” and was aided by the Americans and lead by Ngo Dinh Diem Diem wanted the South to remain independent
Diem in the South He felt that the North (Communists) were attacking him, so with the Americans, he fought back Many people – especially Buddhist monks – disagreed with his plans Buddhist monks held demonstrations in protest by setting themselves on fire
Division of sides during Vietnam War North Vietnam lead by Ho Chi Minh (Communists) Division of sides during Vietnam War South Vietnam lead by Dinh (supported by Americans)
South Vietnamese who actually supported/fought for the North Viet Cong (“VC”) South Vietnamese who actually supported/fought for the North
Americans = Scared Pres. Truman (and the following presidents) were scared that Communism would spread around the world, so he decided we would help South Vietnam fight North Vietnam
The Domino Theory This theory stated, “If South Vietnam falls to the Communist, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, India and Pakistan would also fall like dominos. The Pacific Islands and even Australia could be at risk” (Eisenhower) (How strong is this theory? Would this have happened?)
America Enters the War In 1965, the U.S. sent ground troops to South Vietnam and began bombing North Vietnam in “Operation Rolling Thunder”
Some facts about the war… Longest war in American history More than 58,000 Americans were killed 300,000 wounded 14,000 disabled
The “Living Room War” People could watch combat footage on the nightly news – this was the first war in which television played a major role (How do you think this affected American reaction to the war, vs previous wars?)
American Soldiers Average age of a soldier : 19 Many soldiers were DRAFTED (more on that later)
RESISTANCE Many Americans were opposed to the war After a while, more and more Americans realized the war had very little to do with Americans and we should not be fighting it
Exit Slip: Writing Thesis Statements Imagine you’ve just been given the assignment to write an essay based on the following prompt: How much involvement should America have had in the Vietnam War? Write a thesis statement that correctly conveys your overall point.