The Early Americas … HOW WE GOT HERE
HOHOKAM – 300-1300 A.D. PRESENT- DAY ARIZONA HUNDREDS OF MILES OF IRRIGATION CHANNELS FOR FARMING POTTERY STONE CARVINGS SHELLS ETCHED WITH ACID SHELLS??? ACID???
WHERE THEY WERE
HOHOKAM HOME
THE CITY
ANASAZI – 1-1300 A.D. 4 CORNERS (UTAH, COLORADO, ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO STONE HOMES - pueblos PROTECTED FROM WINTER WEATHER AND INVADERS MANY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE MOVED PROBABLY BECAUSE OF DROUGHT.
Pueblo Bonito – one of the most spectacular of the Anasazi pueblos – 4 stories high with 100s of rooms
Pueblo Bonito as it may have looked
4 CORNERS
4 CORNERS MONUMENT
4 STATES AT ONCE
ANASAZI- MESA VERDE – 1000s lived here
MOUND BUILDERS MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AREA TO PENNSYLVANIA IN THE EAST EARLIEST- ADENA, THEN HOPEWELL 1st built around 1000 BC SOMEHOW INFLUENCED BY THE MAYA AND AZTEC? BURIAL MOUNDS IN MANY SHAPES GREAT SERPENT (OHIO) CAHOKIA (ILLINOIS)
CAHOKIA- ILLINOIS – Mississippians built it after A. D CAHOKIA- ILLINOIS – Mississippians built it after A.D. 900 16,000 people
THE CITY
SERPENT MOUNDS- OHIO
People of the North - Inuit Last migrants across land bridge? Igloos Furs and sealskins for clothing because it was warm and waterproof Hunters/fishermen
Inuit
Inuit used Seal or whale skin for boats – waterproof
Peoples of the West Haida, Chinook, Tlingit Wooden houses Canoes, cloth, and baskets from tree bark Fished mainly for salmon Potlatches – parties Totem pole – legends, families, events, decorations
Peoples of the West Nez Perce and Yakima Fished rivers Hunted deer Gathered roots and berries Lived in earthen houses Tell General Howard I know his heart… Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever. 1877 Chief Joseph – Nez Perce
Peoples of the West Ute and Shoshone Traveled in search of food Ate small game, pine nuts, juniper berries, roots, and insects Created temporary shelters from reeds and branches – eventually used tepees A Shoshone encampment in 1870
Southwest Hopi, Acoma, Zuni Adobe – mud bricks used to build homes Corn was a staple Traded throughout Southwest and Mexico 1500s – Apache and Navajo moved in They were hunters and gatherers Built square houses called hogans
ANCIENT HOPI VILLAGE OF WOLPI - AZ
Famous Apache Geronimo was the most legendary and feared of all the Apache warriors. "My people have killed Americans and Mexicans and taken their property. Their losses have been greater than mine. I have killed ten white men for every Indian slain, but I know that the whites are many and the Indians are few. Apaches are growing less every day.” "Nobody wants peace more than I do. Why shut me up on a reservation? We will make peace; we will keep it faithfully. But let us go around free as Americans do. Let us go wherever we please".
ON THE PLAINS - nomadic Comanche Dakota Sioux Became excellent horse* riders (*brought from Spain to Mexico in 1500s) Hunted antelope, deer, buffalo Slept in tepees
Peoples of the East Iroquois Lived in woodlands Formal law codes and federations Lived in bark-covered long houses
IROQUOIS LEAGUE (Nation) Algonquian groups: Onondaga Seneca Cayuga Mohawk Oneida 1500 “Great Peace” created a “Nation” Wrote a constitution and established a “Grand Council”
Peoples of the Southeast Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee Farmers and hunters Trail of Tears 1838 Forced removal of Cherokee Appr. 4,000 died on journey